Periodic Table

What the PT really looks like

People Mendeleev-Russian scientist that published the first modern PT based on atomic mass. Moseley-British scientist that rearranged the PT by atomic number

Element Squares Symbol-1, 2 letter abbreviation Element name Atomic Number-p+, e- Atomic mass-Average mass of p+ and n in nucleus (Mass #) 6 C Carbon 12.01

Periods Horizontal rows 7 periods Periods correspond w/ # of energy levels an element has The lanthanide and actinide series (on bottom) are pulled out and placed on the bottom to save space.

Groups/Families Vertical columns 18 groups Also called families because each group has similar properties because they have the same # of e- in the outer energy level.

Metals Shiny Solid Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable Ductile High Density Almost 90 metals Left side of PT (except Hydrogen)

Nonmetals Dull (not shiny) or powdery Can be S, L, or Gas Poor conductors of heat/electricity Can’t be pounded (brittle) Not ductile (wires) Usually low density Less than 20 Right side of PT (except Hydrogen)

Metalloids Shiny or dull Solid Often used as semiconductors in computers Not malleable Not ductile Density varies 7 (shaded in) Along stair step (not Al)

Alkali Metals Group 1 Highly reactive-never alone in nature Soft, shiny, silver-white Good conductors Li Lithium Na Sodium K Potassium Rb Rubidium Cs Cesium Fr Francium

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Highly Reactive Soft, silver-white, shiny Give off bright colors when burned Be Beryllium Mg Magnesium Ca Calcium Sr Strontium Ba Barium Ra Radium

Transition Metals Found in middle of PT Groups 3-12 Not as reactive as alkali metals Good for use in jewelry, pots, etc because not as reactive

Halogens Group 17 Very reactive nonmetals Mostly gases F Fluorine Cl Chlorine Br Bromine I Iodine At Astatine

Noble Gases Group 18 Unreactive gases Also called “inert” He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon Kr Krypton Xe Xenon Rn Radon

Lanthanide Series Classified as Rare Earth Metals Found naturally on earth Soft, silver-white malleable metals with high luster (shine) and conductivity. Very reactive Found on bottom of PT

Actinide Series Most are radioactive Most are man made

Diatomic Elements H2 He In found in nature, always combined with themselves Li Be B C N2 O2 F2 Ne Na Mg Al Si P S S Cl2 Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br2 Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I2 Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr