Unit6

Pre-reading Activities -Reading aloud1 Cultural information Audiovisual supplement Reading aloud Read the following sentences aloud, paying special attention to strong and weak forms. Strong forms are boldfaced and in red, while weak forms are italicized and underlined. 1. 2. That is what so many couples are very much concerned about and eager to understand. Some think this may leave the child less capable of interacting well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with siblings.

Pre-reading Activities -Reading aloud2 Cultural information Audiovisual supplement 3. 4. For some single-child parents, particularly those with busy careers, the pressures of devoting time and energy to a second child can seem too overwhelming, resulting in them electing to have no more children. This often leads to increased self-esteem which, combined with increased independence, can lead to the child being more confident. 5. Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child.

Audiovisual supplement Cultural information 1 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement Cultural information 1. Quote Socrates: Children today are tyrants. They contradict their parent, gobble their food, and tyrannize their teachers.

Audiovisual supplement Cultural information 2 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement 2. Children from One-Child Families Some people think that children from only-child families have more merits than shortcomings. Firstly, they value free will and will not accept orders blindly. Secondly, they love trying out new methods and are full of creative ideas. Thirdly, they expect others to treat them as indispensable partners of the team.

Audiovisual supplement Cultural information 3 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement However, some people believe that the only children have more shortcomings than merits. Many are heavily dependent on parents. And some never learn to do household chores. It is even worse that some tend to be spoiled and self-centered. They are “the little emperors” in families and schools. What do you think?

Pre-reading Activities-Audiovisual supplements1 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement Audiovisual supplement Watch a video clip and answer the following questions. 1. What is the children’s relationship in the video? And what’s the relationship between the women and the children? They are brothers and sisters in one big family. And the woman is their new governess. This video is from a famous movie The Sound of Music.

Pre-reading Activities-Audiovisual supplements2 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement 2. Are you from a one-child family? Can you imagine living with so many brothers and sisters? Open.

Pre-reading Activities-Audiovisual supplements3 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement

Audiovisual supplement Video Script1 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement Maria: Gretl: Marta: Gretl? Are you scared? … You’re not frightened of a thunderstorm, are you? You just stay right here with me. Where are the others? They are asleep. They are not scared. Oh, no? Look. Alright, everybody. Up here on the bed. Really? Well, just this once. Come on. Now, all we have to do is to wait for the boys. Louisa: Maria: You won’t see them. Boys are brave. You boys weren’t scared, too, were you?

Audiovisual supplement Video Script2 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement Friedrich: Maria: Oh, no. We just wanted to be sure that you weren’t. That’s very thoughtful of you, Friedrich. It wasn’t my idea. It was Kurt’s. Kurt! That’s the one I left out. God bless Kurt. Why does it do that? Maria: Marta: Well, the lightning says something to the thunder, and the thunder answers back. The lightning must be nasty. Not really. Then why does the thunder get so angry? It makes me want to cry.

Audiovisual supplement Video Script3 Reading aloud Cultural information Audiovisual supplement Maria: When anything bothers me and I’m feeling unhappy, I just try to think of nice things. Children: Maria: What kind of things? Oh, well, let me see. Nice things … Daffodils! Green meadows. Skies full of stars … Raindrops on roses and whiskers on kittens … Bright copper kettles and warm woolen mittens. Brown paper packages tied up with strings … These are a few of my favorite things.

Global Reading-Text analysis1 Structural analysis Text analysis What is this expositive text concerned with? This text is concerned with the pros and cons of . In other words, the text deals with the typical of not having a second child. The text discusses them in an tone. having only one child _______________________ advantages and disadvantages _________________________________ objective ___________

Global Reading-Text analysis2 Structural analysis 2. What is the writer’s answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child? It goes as follows: “… there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique, and what is appropriate for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse feel confident about.”

1. Divide the text into parts by completing the table. Paragraph(s) Structural analysis 1 Text analysis Structural analysis Structural analysis 1. Divide the text into parts by completing the table. Paragraph(s) Main idea 1 2-3 It puts forward the issue of whether or not to have a second child, and mentions parents’ concern whether an only child necessarily means a lonely child. Two common arguments against having only one child in the family are presented.

The author cites specific figures and facts Structural analysis 2 Text analysis Structural analysis Paragraph(s) Main idea 4-5 6 The author cites specific figures and facts to show that despite the disadvantages  many parents still choose to have only one child, and he also points out some causes of their decision. The author briefly states the advantages of having a single child.

Paragraph(s) Main idea 7 Structural analysis 3 Text analysis Structural analysis Paragraph(s) Main idea 7 It concludes that there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child, and that the important thing, in the end, is to make the decision that a couple both feel confident about.

Structural analysis 4 Text analysis Structural analysis 2. Some words used at the beginning of a paragraph make it easier for the reader to understand the coherence of the whole text, such as Another at the beginning of Paragraph 3, Despite of Paragraph 4, and Unfortunately of Paragraph 7. Can you explain how they function?

Structural analysis 5 Text analysis Structural analysis The word “Another” used at the beginning of Paragraph 3 implies that at least one argument has been presented earlier. “Despite these arguments …” prepares readers for something against their expectations, i.e. many parents still choose to have one child although the disadvantages of doing so have just been clearly presented.

Structural analysis 5 Text analysis Structural analysis “Unfortunately” tells readers that there follows something disappointing, i.e. the author fails to provide a definite answer to the questions raised at the beginning of the text.

Detailed reading1 Is an Only Child a Lonely Child? 1. Many couples, who already have one healthy, happy child, are facing a dilemma, namely, the issue of whether or not to have a second child. They have demanding jobs and limited time and financial resources, but they are also very keen to ensure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So, what are the pros and cons of having a second child? Is an only child a lonely child? That is what so many couples are very much concerned about and eager to understand.

Detailed reading2 Detailed reading The issue of whether to have a second child is one of the most difficult issues that parents nowadays face. A concern that is often heard with regard to single children is whether one child necessarily means a lonely child. Many single-child parents feel a stigma associated with their decision to have only one child. There are no other children in the family for the child to associate with, and this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, especially during vacations. 2.

Detailed reading3 Detailed reading Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with siblings. Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child less capable of interacting well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with siblings. 3.

Detailed reading4 Detailed reading Despite these arguments, the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing in many parts of the world. In the US, for example, 14 percent of women between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child, and this percentage is expected to rise. The same trend can be seen in the UK. According to the Family Policy Studies Center, the overall number of British children being born each year has declined. In Japan, the average number of children born per family had declined to 1.42 by 1996, while latest statistics cite less than one child. This has led to government concerns about supporting an increasing population of elderly people in the future; it is predicted that, by 2020, a third of the population in Japan will be aged 65 or over. 4.

Detailed reading5 Detailed reading For some single-child parents, particularly those with busy careers, the pressures of devoting time and energy to a second child can seem too overwhelming, resulting in them electing to have no more children. For other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration. According to government surveys, many couples in Japan choose not to have large families as the cost of supporting a child up to the age of 18 is estimated to be around 20 million yen, equivalent to around US $160,000. 5.

Detailed reading6 Detailed reading Advocates of single-child families argue that there are advantages for the child as well as the parents. With just one child, they suggest, there is no potential for family arguments arising from favoritism or sibling jealousy. Moreover, with only one child, the parents can give, and the child can receive, more quality time and attention. This often leads to increased self-esteem which, combined with increased independence, can lead to the child being more confident. 6.

Detailed reading7 Detailed reading Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique, and what is appropriate for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse feel confident about. 7.

Detailed reading1--Quesion Paragraph 1 Questions What is the dilemma that many couples are faced with? The dilemma that many couples are confronted with is whether or not they should have a second child. On one hand, they have demanding jobs and limited time and financial resources; on the other hand, they are also very keen to ensure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So they are plunged into this situation in which it is difficult for them to decide what to do.

Detailed reading1--Quesion Paragraph 1 Questions 2) What is the concern that weighs heavily on the minds of many couples? Many couples are very much concerned about whether an only child necessarily becomes a lonely child.

Detailed reading1--dilemma dilemma n. a situation in which it is difficult to decide what to do, because each choice has its advantages and disadvantages e.g. Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between career and family commitments. Collocation: be in a dilemma e.g. I’m in a dilemma about this job offer. 我不知道是接受还是不接受这份工作。

Detailed reading1-- issue issue n. a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about e.g. Unemployment is not the issue — the real problem is the decline in public morality. I just got a raise, so money’s no longer an issue. Collocation: raise the issue: say that a problem should be discussed e.g. We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council. Synonyms: subject, problem

Detailed reading1-- demanding demanding adj. needing a lot of ability, effort, or skill e.g. Climbing is physically demanding, while studying is mentally demanding. Many people agree that teaching is a demanding profession. Derivation: demand n.& v.

Detailed reading1-- keen keen adj. interested in sth. or eager to do it e.g. John is a keen photographer. Collocations: be keen on sth. e.g. Daniel’s very keen on tennis. be keen to do sth. e.g. She’s out of hospital and keen to get back to work. Synonyms: interested, eager Derivations: keenly ad. keenness n.

Detailed reading1-- concerned 1 concerned adj. worried about something e.g. Concerned parents approached the school about the problem. Collocations: be concerned about e.g. Ross has never been particularly concerned about what other people think of him. be concerned for e.g. Rescuers are concerned for the safety of two men trapped in the mine.

Detailed reading1– concerned 2 be concerned that e.g. He’s concerned that he won’t get his money back. Derivations: concern n.& v. concerning prep.

Detailed reading1-- the pros and cons of having a second child Explanation: the pros and cons: the advantages and disadvantages e.g. Before we make a decision, we must weigh up the pros and cons. After hours’ discussion, everybody at the meeting could see clearly the pros and cons of the proposal. Paraphrase: the advantages and disadvantages of having one more child Translation: 生育第二个孩子的利与弊

Detailed reading2—Quesion1 Paragraph 2 Questions What does the writer think of the issue of whether or not to have a second child? The writer thinks that the issue of whether to have a second child is one of the most difficult issues that parents nowadays are confronted with.

Detailed reading2--Quesion 2 Paragraph 2 Questions 2) Why does the writer think that an only child necessarily means a lonely child? As there are no other children in the family for the child to associate with, he may feel lonely at times, especially during vacations.

Detailed reading2-- concern concern n. a feeling of worry about sth. important; sth. that worries you e.g. His main concern is to be able to provide for his family. Collocations: concern about / over e.g. There is growing concern about the effects of pollution on health. concern for sb. e.g. A government spokesman expressed concern for the lives of the hostages.

Detailed reading2-- stigma stigma n. a mark of shame or disgrace; a shameful feeling or reputation e.g. There is a strong stigma attached to suicide. In the past divorce and single parenthood carried a stigma. 离异和单亲家庭在过去是令人感到羞耻的事情。

Detailed reading2-- at times 1 sometimes but not usually e.g. At times I wonder if it’s worth all the effort. Comparisons: at no time, at all times, at times at no times: used to say strongly that something never happened or should never happen at all times: used especially in official notices or announcements to say what always happens or should always happen

Detailed reading2-- at times 2 Practice: 1) did I tell you that you could use my car. 2) Identification badges must be worn . 3) even the most talented athletes lose their motivation. At no time ____________ at all time ____________ At times __________

Detailed reading3-- sibling sibling n. (fml) a brother or sister e.g. A child with siblings seldom gets lonely. Most young smokers are influenced by their elder siblings’ smoking habits.

Detailed reading3-- negotiate negotiate v. discuss sth. in order to reach an agreement, esp. in business or politics e.g. Union leaders have negotiated an agreement for a shorter working week. Collocation: negotiate with e.g. The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists. Derivations: negotiation n. negotiable adj.

Detailed reading3-- interact interact v. 1) (people) talk to each other and understand each other e.g. He interacts well with other children in the class. 2) (things) have an effect on each other and work together e.g. Social and economic factors are interacting to produce a recession. Derivations: interaction: n. interactive: adj.

Detailed reading2-- Many single-child Many single-child parents feel a stigma associated with their decision to have only one child. Paraphrase: Many single-child families have a strong sense of shame in their decision to have only one child. Translation: 许多只有一个小孩的父母都为自己只生一个小孩的决定感到羞愧。

Detailed reading2-- this may lead … this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, … Explanation: lead to sb. doing sth.: cause sth. to happen to sb. or cause sb. to do sth. e.g. His actions could lead to him losing his job. Paraphrase: … such a situation will probably result in the child having a sense of loneliness from time to time, … Translation: ……这样一种环境可能经常会让孩子感到孤独,……

Detailed reading3—Quesion1 Paragraph 3 Question What is the main idea of the third paragraph? The third paragraph states and supports another common argument against having just one-child: an only-child may be more spoiled than one with siblings.

Detailed reading3-- Another common 1 Another common argument against having just one child is that an only-child may be more spoiled than one with siblings. Explanation: spoil: make sb., esp. a child, selfish from having too much attention or praise Paraphrase: Another reason some people usually hold against having only one child is that an only-child is more likely to be given too much love and care than one that has brothers and/or sisters.

Detailed reading3-- Another common 2 Translation: 另外一个常用于反驳只养育一个孩子的理由是：一个孩子获得的溺爱要比那些有兄弟姐妹的孩子多得多。

Detailed reading3-- respect the give-and-take respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships Paraphrase: realize the importance of cooperation and mutual understanding between themselves and other people in various situations Translation: 认识到在各种关系中合作与相互了解的重要性

Detailed reading4—Quesion1 Paragraph 4 Question What examples and statistics are given to show that more and more parents have decided to have only one child? In the US, for example, 14 percent of women between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child, and this percentage is expected to rise. The same trend can be seen in the UK. According to the Family Policy Studies Center, the overall number of British children being born each year has declined. In Japan, the average number of children born per family had declined to 1.42 by 1996, while the latest statistics cite less than one child.

Detailed reading4-- decline decline: v. 1) decrease in quantity or importance e.g. Spending on information technology has declined. 2) become gradually worse in quality e.g. Do you think standards of education have declined in recent years? Synonym: decrease Derivation: decline n.

Detailed reading4-- cite cite: v. 1) mention something as an example, esp. one that supports or explains an idea or a situation e.g. Several factors have been cited as the cause of the student unrest. 2) give the exact words of something that has been written, esp. in order to support an opinion or prove an idea e.g. The writer cited many quotations from different scholars. Synonym: quote Derivation: citation n.

Detailed reading4-- 14 percent of …, 14 percent of women between 18 and 34 plan to have just one child, and this percentage is expected to rise Explanation: Use percent only with a number, e.g. 30 percent, 9 percent, etc. If you mean “an amount expressed as part of a total,” use percentage. e.g. A high percentage of the population was illiterate. Translation: 在18至34岁的女性中，14%的女性希望生育一个孩子，而且这一比例预计会更高。

Detailed reading4-- while latest while latest statistics cite less than one child Paraphrase: while latest statistics show that the average number of children born per family has declined to less than one child Translation: 然而最新的统计数据表明平均每个家庭孩子出生率已经低于一

Detailed reading5—Quesion1 Paragraph 5 Question What is the main idea of Paragraph 5? Paragraph 5 supplies two most typical reasons for the steady increase of the number of parents who have chosen to have only one child.

Detailed reading5-- overwhelming overwhelming: adj. having such a great effect on you that you feel confused and at a loss what to do e.g. She felt an overwhelming desire to hug her child. The sheer size of the place seems overwhelming and confusing at first. 2) (numbers, odds, etc.) very large e.g. An overwhelming majority of the members were against the idea. Derivation: overwhelm v.

Detailed reading5-- elect to do sth elect to do sth. : (fml) choose to do something e.g. You can elect to delete the message or save it. Translation: 购买者可选择按月分期付款。 Purchasers can elect to pay in monthly installments.

Detailed reading5-- prime prime: adj. main; most important Smoking is the prime cause of lung disease. Our prime concern is providing jobs for all young school leavers. e.g. Synonym: major Derivations: prime: n. prime: v.

Detailed reading5-- equivalent equivalent: adj. having the same value, purpose, etc. as a person or thing of a different kind e.g. We could give you an equivalent amount in company shares. Collocation: be equivalent to e.g. This is a qualification which is equivalent to degree. Comparison: equivalent, equal equal: being the same in size, value, amount, number, etc. as something else e.g. Jennifer cut the cake in to six equal pieces. Derivation: equivalence: n.

Detailed reading6--Quesion 1 Paragraph 6 Question What advantages of having only one child are argued for by advocates of single-child families? With just one child, there is no potential for family arguments arising from favoritism or sibling jealousy. The child can receive more quality time and attention from parents, which will increase their self-esteem, independence and confidence.

Detailed reading6- advocate advocate: n. someone who publicly support someone else or something e.g. He is a strong advocate of “English only” in class. Synonyms: support: [U] the people who support something supporter: [C] someone who supports something Derivation: advocate: v.

Detailed reading6- potential potential: n. the possibility that something will develop in a certain way, or have a particular effect e.g. The potential for abuse in such a system is enormous. Synonym: potentiality: (fml) possibility Derivations: potential: adj. potentiality: n.

Detailed reading6- jealousy jealousy: n. anger and unhappiness because someone has something you wish you had e.g. Polly felt a sharp pang of jealousy when she saw Paul with Suzanne. Derivation: jealous: adj.

Detailed reading6- arise1 arise: v. begin to happen e.g. A crisis has arisen between the two countries. Collocation: arise from: be caused or started by a situation, event, etc. e.g. Can we begin by discussing matters arising from the last meeting?

Detailed reading6- arise2 Comparison: arise, rise rise: increase in number, amount or value Practice: 1) House prices are likely to towards the end of this year. 2) During the night a great storm . rise ____ has arisen ___________

Detailed reading6- self-esteem self-esteem: n. the feeling of being satisfied with your own abilities, and that you deserve to be liked or respected e.g. You ought to raise your self-esteem. Playing a sport can boot a girl’s self-esteem. Synonym: self-respect Antonym: self-doubt: the feeling that you and your abilities are not good enough

Detailed reading7--Quesion 1 Paragraph 7 Questions Does the writer give a definite answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child? Why? No. But the writer does give an appropriate and practicable answer. As the circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique, what is suitable for one family may not be appropriate for another. Obviously, it is impossible or impracticable to give a yes or no answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child.

Detailed reading7--Quesion 2 Paragraph 7 Questions 2) What is the writer’s advice given to single-child parents? The writer’s advice is as follows: The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse feel confident about.

Detailed reading7-- unique 1 unique: adj. being the only one of its kind e.g. Each person’s fingerprints are unique. Derivations: uniquely: adv. uniqueness: n.

Detailed reading7-- unique 2 Comparison: unique, only unique: having features or qualities that make it different from anything else only: being the only one of something available in a particular place at a particular time Practice: 1) She was the woman doctor in the district. 2) I am in a rather position, as my job is different from anyone else's. only _____ unique ________

Detailed reading7-- spouse spouse: n. (fml) a husband or wife e.g. The writer’s opinion is that you make a decision that both you and your spouse feel confident about. e.g. He never mentioned his spouse.

Activity Activity: A debate Detailed reading Activity: A debate Directions: Work in pairs and have a debate on the pros and cons of having a second child. You should use the following words and expressions in your debate. dilemma demanding be keen to sibling be concerned about overwhelming elect to prime equivalent arise jealousy self-esteem unique spouse

Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Phrase practice Word / Phrase comparison Synonym / Antonym Word derivation

Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening demanding jobs= jobs needing a lot of attention or effort 费力的工作 e.g. Being babysitter is really a demanding job, which requires love, patience and the skills. 看护婴儿确实是一项费力的工作，它需要爱心、耐心，还有技巧。

Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening with regard to =in connection with; on the subject of 关于，至于 e.g. With regard to you health, you must quit smoking right now. 考虑到你的健康，你必须马上戒烟。 With regard to the financial difficulties, the company decided to cut its expense. 考虑到财政困难，公司决定压缩支出。

Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening stigma =sign of shame; feeling of being ashamed 耻辱，侮辱的标记 e.g. The stigma has deprived him of all joy and fun in those days. 那些日子里，他心中的耻辱使他的生活没有了任何快乐。

Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening give-and-take =willingness of each person to satisfy others’ wishes 妥协，互让 e.g. Give-and-take is the secret of successful friendship. 付出和给予是成功的友谊的秘密。

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 1 with regard to: in connection with e.g. I am writing to you with regard to your letter of 15 March. for the purpose of: why you do sth. or why sth. exists e.g. I came to Brighton for the express purpose of seeing you.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 1 in view of: used to introduce the reason for a decision, action or situation e.g. In view of his conduct, the club has decided to suspend him. in accordance with: according to a rule, system, etc. e.g. Use this product only in accordance with the manufacture’s instructions.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 2 ensure: to ensure sth., or to ensure that sth. happens, means to make certain that it happens e.g. We must ensure the purity of drinking water. entertain: to keep a group of people interested or enjoying themselves e.g. We hired a magician to entertain the children.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 2 enable: to make it possible for someone to do something, or for something to happen e.g. Our main goal is to enable healthy change and growth. enquire: if you enquire about something, you ask for information about it e.g. He was so impressed that he enquired the young shepherd’s name.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 3 associate with (sb.): to spend time with someone, esp. someone that other people disapprove of e.g. He may have been associating with the criminals. care about: if you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about it e.g. Does anybody know we’re here, does anybody care about that?

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 3 be concerned with: to be about a particular thing or person e.g. Today’s lesson is concerned with punctuation. touch: to have an effect on someone or something, especially by changing or influencing them e.g. He may have been associating with the criminals.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 4 at times: sometimes e.g. Life is hard at times. in time: before the time by which it is necessary for something to be done e.g. Will you be able to finish it in time?

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 4 on time: at the correct time or the time that was arranged e.g. Jack was worried about whether he’d be able to get there on time. sometime: at a time in the future or the past which is not known or not stated e.g. We really should meet sometime soon to discuss the details.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison5 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 5 result in: to cause a particular situation to happen e.g. The fire resulted in damage to their property. result from: if a situation or problem results from a particular event or activity, it is caused by it e.g. His difficulty in walking results from a childhood illness.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison6 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 6 cite: if you cite something, you quote it or mention it, especially as an example or proof of what you are saying e.g. She cites a favorite poem by George Herbert. site: a place where something is, was, or where something happened, is happening, or will happen e.g. The council haven’t yet chosen the site for the new hospital.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison7 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 6 sight: the physical ability to see e.g. Anne’s sight is very good for someone of her age. borrow: if you borrow something that belongs to someone else, you take it or use it for a period of time, usually with their permission e.g. He wouldn’t let me borrow his clothes.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison8 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 7 despite: without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by e.g. I still enjoyed the week despite the weather. in spite of: despite e.g. In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday’s match.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison9 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 8 equivalent: if one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same e.g. The equivalent of two tablespoon of polyunsaturated oils is ample each day. same: exactly like another or each other e.g. She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was.

Consolidation Activities- Word / Phrase comparison10 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Group 8 related to: things that are related are connected in some way e.g. Police now believe that the three crimes could be related. different to: things are unlike in nature or quality or form or degree e.g. My approach is totally different to his.

Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Give synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. A concern that is often heard with regard to single children is whether one child necessarily means a lonely child. Synonyms: only, sole 2. Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with siblings. Antonyms: uncommon, unusual, extraordinary, exceptional

Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give- and-take involved in many relationships. Synonyms: honor, admire, esteem 4. Despite these arguments, the number of parents choosing to have only one child is increasing in many parts of the world. Antonyms: decrease, diminish, lessen

Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. This has led to government concerns about supporting an increasing population of elderly people in the future. Synonyms: worries, anxiety 6. For some single-child parents, the pressures of devoting time and energy to a second child can seem too overwhelming. Antonyms: insignificant, weak, feeble, powerless

Consolidation Activities- Synonym / Antonym4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7. For other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration. Synonyms: first, chief, main, primary, principal, foremost, leading 8. Unfortunately, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. Antonyms: fortunately, luckily

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in brackets. 1. She is famous for her of human rights. (advocate) advocacy ___________ 2. When the time for parting came, he shook hands with everyone . (respect) respectfully _____________

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in brackets. 3. It is estimated that China has enormous for economic development in the coming year. (potentially) potential ___________ 4. The job of a is to examine the condition of a building, or to measure and record the details of an area of land. (survey) surveyor __________

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in brackets. 5. The British Air Force succeeded despite odds against them. (overwhelm) overwhelming ________________ 6. The between the two companies dates back to the last century. (associate) association _____________

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given capitalized word in brackets. 7. There is no English for “bon appetite,” so we have adopted the French expression. (equivalence) equivalent _____________ 8. I thought his remark was highly , given the circumstances. (appropriate) inappropriate _______________

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- advocate 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening advocate (v.) 提倡，主张，拥护 advocation (n.) 拥护，支持，辩护 advocator (n.) 提倡者，拥护者 advocatory (a.) 拥护者的，有关拥护者的 advocacy (n.) 拥护，主张，辩护 Chinese-English translation. 1) 年轻人应当拥护社会文化的更新和发展。 Young people should advocate social culture renewal and development 2) 小说的历史价值在于对人文精神的关怀上。 The historical value of the novel lies in its advocation of humanism.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- advocate 2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Chinese-English translation. 3) 作为全球化的积极推动者，这个国家得到了巨大的回报。 As the advocator of globalization, the country has been greatly rewarded.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. respect (v.) 尊敬，尊重；遵守 respectable (a.) 人格高尚的，值得尊敬的 respectably (ad.) 相当好地，体面地 respectful (a.) 恭敬的，礼貌的 respectfully (ad.) 尊敬地 respective (a.) 分别的，各自的 Chinese-English translation. 1) 你应该尊敬你的老师。 You need to respect your teachers. 2) 他是个受人尊敬可信赖的人。 He is respectable and reliable.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Chinese-English translation. 3) 他们和经理站开了一些距离，以示尊敬。 They stood at a respectful distance from the manager. 4)下课后，学生们各自回家。 The students returned to their respective homes after class.

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. potential (n.) 可能性，潜能 potentially (ad.)可能地，潜在地 potent (adj.) 有效的，强有力的，有权势的 e.g. It is the most potent poison. 这是最厉害的毒药。 One has unlimited potential waiting to be explored. 人们有着无尽的潜能等待发掘。 I’m facing a potentially very dangerous crisis. 我可能要面对一场非常凶险的危机。

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. survey (v.) 监督，监视 surveillance (n.) 监督，监视 surveyor (n.) 测量员，检验员 e.g. It is impossible to survey the will of the people in such short notice. 想要在这么短时间内完成民意调查是不可能的。 The surveyor announced that all the walls were completely sound. 检查员宣布所有墙壁均完好无损。 Surveillance video captures a woman with the kidnapped boy. 监视器拍摄到了一名妇女带着这名被绑架的男孩。

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. overwhelm (v.) 压倒，淹没，受打击 overwhelming (adj.) 压倒性的，势不可挡的 overwhelmingly (adv.) 压倒性地，不可抵抗地 e.g. No difficulty can overwhelm the brave. 勇敢的人是不会被困难打倒的。 She felt an overwhelming desire to see her boy. 她无比渴望见到自己的儿子。 Chinese youth overwhelmingly want personal computer. 中国的年轻人非常想拥有个人电脑。

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. associate (v.) 结交，交往 association (n.) 协会，联盟，社团 associative (adj.) 联合的，联想的，组合的 associator (n.) 社员，伙伴，会员 e.g. Many people associate dark clouds with depression and bad luck. 许多人把乌云与沮丧和厄运联系起来。 The anti-smoking association launches a new campaign in the campus. 禁烟协会在校园里发动了一场新的运动。 His associative ability impressed me a lot. 他的联想能力使我印象深刻。 The associators are working hard together for their common goal. 会员们为了他们共同的目标团结奋斗。

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7. equal (adj.) 相等的，胜任的，平等的 equality (n.) 平等，相等 equation (n.) 等式，方程式 equivalence (n.) 等值，相等

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening e.g. Woman and man should enjoy equal pay for the same job. 男性女性应当同工同酬。 I would sacrifice my life for equality and freedom. 为了平等和自由我宁愿牺牲生命。 The equation of happiness and wealth is dangerous. 将幸福与财富等同是很危险的。 He changed his pounds for the equivalence amount in dollars. 他把英镑兑换成等值的美元。 There is no equivalence of parental love for kids. 对孩子而言，父母之爱是无可替代的。

Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 8. appropriate (adj.) 适当的 appropriable (adj.) 可供专用的 appropriately (adv.) 适当地 inappropriate (adj.) 不适当的，不相称的 inappropriately (adv.) 不适当地，不相称地 e.g. Appropriate table manner is required in a formal banquet. 正式聚会要求得体的餐桌礼仪。 Parents need to handle their emotion appropriately. 父母应当妥当处理自己的情绪。 It is inappropriate to put the knife into the mouth at the table. 就餐时不应当将叉子放入口中。

Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Simple prepositions and complex prepositions Conjunctions

Consolidation Activities- Grammar1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. Simple prepositions and complex prepositions 1) The prepositions, such as in, of, at, and to, are all single words. We call them SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS. 2) COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS consist of two- or three-word combinations acting as a single unit. Here are some examples: according to, but for, except for, in terms of, in point of, with regard to, in the case of, etc.

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Complete the following sentences with the appropriate complex prepositions listed below. regardless of but for in terms of except for according to in case of 1. a few spelling mistakes, it is on the whole a good composition. 2. We would have arrived two hours ago the traffic jam. 3. money, they’re quite rich. Except for ____________ but for ________ In terms of ____________

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening regardless of but for in terms of except for according to in case of 4. They divided themselves into three groups age. 5. fire, open this safety door. 6. danger, he climbed the tower. according to _____________ In case of ___________ Regardless of ______________

Consolidation Activities- Grammar3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Conjunctions Conjunctions are used to express a connection between words. There are two types of conjunctions. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (or simply COORDINATORS) connect elements of equal syntactic status: e.g. Paul and David I play tennis but I don't play well. meat or fish On the other hand, SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS (or SUBORDINATORS) connect elements of unequal syntactic status: e.g. I left early because I had an interview the next day. I'll be home at nine if I can get a taxi.

Consolidation Activities- Grammar4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice In each sentence, insert an appropriate conjunction from the list. whenever where as because since although or else wherever 1. Many exam candidates lose marks simply they do not read the questions properly. 2. Bill works foreman at Whiting’s Corporation. 3. the sun was shining, he went out wearing a coat. because __________ as ____ Although ___________

Consolidation Activities- Grammar5 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. I hear that tune, it makes me think of my former classmates. 5. Take your passport with you you go. 6. It’s a long time I last heard from Albert. 7. Plant your fig-tree there is plenty of sunshine. 8. Take your medicine regularly you won’t get well. Whenever ___________ wherever ___________ since ______ where _______ or else _______

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. “Except for” means “not including.” It is used to show that a general statement made in the main part of the sentence is not completely true.

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. “But for” means “except for the effects of.”

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. “In terms of” means “in the circumstance of.”

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. “According to” means “as determined by.”

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.5 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. “In case of” means “if there should happen to be.”

Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.6 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. “Regardless of” means “in spite of.”

Consolidation Activities- Grammar4.1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. as “As” means “in the capacity of” while “like” means “in the manner of.”

Consolidation Activities- Grammar5.1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. since “Since” introduces a past date, moment, event, a point of time while “for” introduces a period of time.

Consolidation Activities- Translation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 家里没有别的孩子和他玩耍，这使得孩子有时候感到孤独，尤其是在假期里。

Consolidation Activities- Translation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into Chiese. 2. 许多人认为独生子女不善于与其他人沟通，也不会尊重在各种关系中相互谦让的精神。

Consolidation Activities- Translation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into Chiese. 3. 对有些独生子女的家长---尤其是那些事业繁忙的家长来说，要将时间和精力奉献给第二个孩子所来带来的压力似乎太沉重了，于是他们做出再也不要其他孩子的选择。

Consolidation Activities- Translation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into Chiese. 4. 因为只有一个孩子，所以犹豫父母偏爱或者手足间的妒忌而引起家庭争端的可能性就小了。

Consolidation Activities- Translation1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 让她感到为难的是，要不要把丈夫得了不治之症的真相告诉他。(dilemma) If you are in dilemma, you are in a state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.

Consolidation Activities- Translation2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 很多女性面临着选择家庭还是事业的两难境地。 Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between work and family commitments. 常见的难题：是留在家人朋友身边，还是去远方城市谋个好差事？ It is a common dilemma: Should you stay where you have friends and family, or take that good job in a far-away city?

Consolidation Activities- Translation3 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 微软清楚地意识到这样的两难局面。 Microsoft has clearly seen the dilemma that arises.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. 你都三十几岁了还在啃老，难道不觉得羞耻吗？ Do not you think it a sort of stigma that you , already in your thirties, still have to depend on your parents?

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 3. 全世界几乎所有的政府都十分关注这个金融问题。 (be concerned about) If you are concerned about something, you care about it; you pay great attention to it. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financial issue.

Consolidation Activities- Translation5 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 当前，人们不仅关注要吃好，还要寻求营养平衡。 Nowadays, people are not only concerned about good food, but also about balanced nutrition. 她最新出版的这本书是关于环境保护的。 Her newly published book is concerned about environmental protection.

Consolidation Activities- Translation6 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 越来越多的人开始关心自然环境了。 More and more people begin to be concerned about our natural environment.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. 至于英语教学研讨会，我建议本周末召开。(with regard to) With regard to equals as for or concerning. With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the coming weekend.

Consolidation Activities- Translation5 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 政府已采取了多项调控房价的措施。 The government has taken several regulative measures in regard to housing prices. 由于我的专业是旅游管理，所以我想得到一份与旅游相关的工作。 Since I major in management of tourism, so I want to get a job with regard to tourism.

Consolidation Activities- Translation6 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 亚洲国家对于外国游客也有一些规定，特别是在其国家的逗留时间。 Asian nations do have regulations for foreign visitors, particularly with regard to length of stay.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. 要不要出国进修就完全由你自己决定吧。(whether or not) Whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 6. 只要有一颗火星就能在充满煤气的房间里引起爆炸。(lead to) Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 7. 无论政府做了多少努力，房价几乎没有下降。(decline) No matter what efforts the government has made, the price for housing has barely declined.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 8. 为了通过托福TOEFL考试，他把业余时间的每分每秒几乎全花在学习英语上了。（devote …to) In order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to English studies.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 9. 凭借他的表演潜力，这个小伙子有可能成为娱乐界的超级明星。 (potential) If you have potential for something, you have the inherent capacity for making it coming into being. With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.

Consolidation Activities- Translation5 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 所有人无论性别与家庭背景，必须都能发掘自身才能，充分发挥潜力。 All girls and boys, from every background, must be able to discover their talents and fulfill their potential. 她有做艺术家的潜质。 She has a potential to be an artist.

Consolidation Activities- Translation6 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 文字可以传递大量信息，但是如果使用不当，文字是有可能误导用户的。 Written language is capable of conveying dense information, but inappropriate use of text has a great potential to confuse.

Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 10.人们相信，兄弟姐妹之间的嫉妒多见于有钱人家，而不是贫困人家。(sibling jealousy) It is believed that sibling jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.

Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation Fill in the blanks

Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation You will hear a passage read three times. At the first reading, you should listen carefully for its general idea. At the second reading, you are required to write down the exact words you have just heard (with proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should check what you have written down.

Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Dictation About this time / I found out the use of a key. / One morning I locked my mother up in the pantry, / where she was obliged to remain three hours. / She kept knocking on the door, / while I sat outside on the porch steps and laughed. / This naughty behavior of mine / convinced my parents / that I must be taught as soon as possible. / After my teacher came to me, / I sought an early opportunity / to lock her up in her room. / I could not be induced to tell / where the key was. / My father had to get a ladder / and take the teacher out through the window. / Months after, / I produced the key.

Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening They spend a lot of time interacting with adults, so they develop strong (8) skills, which serve them well in school and later in life. They enjoy their parents’ undivided (9) , and never have to suffer the pain of sibling jealousy. And they often enjoy educational, cultural, and travel (10) that children from large families might miss out on. language __________ attention ___________ opportunities ______________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you can use a word meaning “reputation”. Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you need a word to indicate the past tense. Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening If you want to express a set of things which all belong to a particular category, what word can you use? Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you can use a word meaning “say.” Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening How can we describe a person who achieves what he or she is intended to achieve? Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you need a word to collocate with “grow”. It means a gradual change from being a child into being an adult Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening What are the good points of being the only child? Traditionally, so-called only children have gotten a bad (1) . Not many years (2) it was common for people to assume that an only child was sure to be hopelessly selfish and spoiled. Experts added to the (3) of only-child woes,(4) that they were apt to be more aggressive, uncooperative, socially inept, less (5) in marriage, and so on. But none of this is necessarily true. Only children often grow (6) to be happy and well adjusted. In fact, being an only child has some (7) : name ago ______ _____ list claiming ____ __________ successful ____________ up ____ advantages _____________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening What kind of skill you need when you want to talk to others? They spend a lot of time interacting with adults, so they develop strong (8) skills, which serve them well in school and later in life. They enjoy their parents’ undivided (9) , and never have to suffer the pain of sibling jealousy. And they often enjoy educational, cultural, and travel (10) that children from large families might miss out on. language __________ attention ___________ opportunities ______________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening What word can you use when you look at, listen to and think of someone carefully? They spend a lot of time interacting with adults, so they develop strong (8) skills, which serve them well in school and later in life. They enjoy their parents’ undivided (9) , and never have to suffer the pain of sibling jealousy. And they often enjoy educational, cultural, and travel (10) that children from large families might miss out on. language __________ attention ___________ opportunities ______________

Consolidation Activities- Hints Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Here you can use a word meaning “chance.” They spend a lot of time interacting with adults, so they develop strong (8) skills, which serve them well in school and later in life. They enjoy their parents’ undivided (9) , and never have to suffer the pain of sibling jealousy. And they often enjoy educational, cultural, and travel (10) that children from large families might miss out on. language __________ attention ___________ opportunities ______________

Consolidation Activities- Oral activities Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Giving a talk Having a discussion

Consolidation Activities- Oral activities Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Giving a talk Ever since the adoption of the “One Couple, One Child” policy, China has succeeded in slowing down the rapid expansion of her population. But every coin has two sides, and so does China’s population policy. Probably you are the only child of your family. Tell your fellow classmates, on the basis of your own life experience, the advantages and disadvantages of being the only child at home. Probably you could begin your talk with “As the only child of my parents, I have suffered a lot from their tyrannical control and pressure despite their love and care for me. Now let me tell you some of my experiences with them.”

Consolidation Activities- For your reference1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening For your reference 1) You may use the following words or expressions in your talk: one-child policy, family planning, get more love and attention, spoil, “little emperors”, good education and training, opportunity, self-center, dependence, lonely, arrogant, burden 2) You may want to introduce the advantages of being the only child at home as follows: Child can get more nutrition. Child can get more love and attention. Child may get good education even more opportunities to success.

Consolidation Activities- For your reference2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening You may want to introduce the disadvantages of being the only child at home as follows: Child may be self-centered and arrogant. Child may be lonely. Child may show a lack of independence. Child has big burden in supporting not only his parents but also his grandparents. —

Consolidation Activities- Oral activities Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Having a discussion It is generally believed that the only child in the family tends to be spoiled as too much love and care are lavished on him. Most of those born in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century are the only child in their families. People tend to think they are selfish, self-centred, and lacking in the ability to communicate and negotiate with others. You may not agree with them. Now hold a discussion, in a group of four or five students, on how to demonstrate to society that you, the only child in your respective families, can prove useful, valuable, and trustworthy.

Consolidation Activities- For your reference1 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening For your reference I think the only child in a family can prove useful and valuable. As long as he grows up in a healthy, democratic and harmonious family, he can be independent and trustworthy. Remember the kids in Sichuan earthquake in 2008. Quite a lot of them are the only child at home, but they are very strong and helpful.

Consolidation Activities- For your reference2 Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I think the only child in a family can be more confident and brave. They were born in such an open world that they can be more open-minded and confident. Meanwhile, in living such a world with fierce competition, they should learn how to fight with pressure at their early age, and that is why they become stronger. Without brothers and sisters, they should learn how to communicate with classmates or even strangers well. In doing so, they cultivate their open-mindedness.

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Parallelism Practice

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Parallelism Parallelism is a balance of two or more grammatically and semantically similar words, phrases, or clauses. The application of parallelism in sentence construction improves writing style and readability — to give the sentence rhythm, balance and force. Generally, there are five ways to achieve parallelism.

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening A. Express similar ideas in similar grammatical forms e.g. The strikers had tried pleading, threatening, and shouting. B. Arrange parallel elements in climactic order e.g. This is a cause that means something to thousands, to a people, to a nation, to humanity, to God. C. Use parallel forms with coordinating conjunctions e.g. This government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth.

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening D. Use parallel forms with correlative conjunctions e.g. This is a time not for words, but for actions. E. Repeat certain words to begin parallel elements e.g. For the handicapped, getting an education is often a tribulation, a necessity, and a victory.

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Practice Rewrite the following sentences in a parallel form. 1. Faith sees the invisible, feels the intangible and achieves the impossibility. Faith sees the invisible, feels the intangible and achieves the impossible. [Use similar adjective form: invisible, intangible and impossible to achieve parallelism.]

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 2. Dream what you want to dream; go wherever you like; be what you want to be. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be. [Use similar infinitive form: to dream, to go and to be to achieve parallelism.] 3. What you say reflects your mind; what you do reflects how able you are. What you say reflects your mind; what you do reflects your ability. [Use similar grammatical form — personal pronoun: your+ noun: mind and ability to achieve parallelism.]

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 4. A single dollar could save a man’s life, and a thousand dollars could better it, while a man’s life could be ended by a million. A single dollar could save a man’s life, and a thousand dollars could better it, while a million dollars could end it. [Arrange parallel elements — a single dollar, a thousand dollars and a million dollars in climactic order to achieve parallelism.]

Consolidation Activities- Writing Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 5. Endeavor, being confident and opportunity are the basic elements of one’s success. Endeavor, confidence and opportunity are the basic elements of one’s success. [Use similar noun form — endeavor, confidence and opportunity to achieve parallelism.]

Consolidation Activities- Listening Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Titles Other than Mother A. While “housewife” can be an occupation, why can’t “mother” be? Listen to a speech made by a young mother of four girls. What high-sounding titles has she created for the following?

Consolidation Activities- Listening Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening 1. Herself (mother): 2. Her three elder daughters: 3. Her youngest daughter: Research Associate in the field of _____________________________________ _____________________________________________ Child Development and Human Relations lab assistants ________________ new experimental model in ______________________________ ___________________________________ the child-development program 4. Grandmothers: 5. Great grandmothers: 6. Aunts: Senior Research Associates in the field __________________________________________ ________________________________________________ of Child Development and Human R elations _______________________________ ____________ Executive Senior Research Associates Associate Research Assistants in the field of _______________________________________________ Child Development and Human Relations

Consolidation Activities- Listening Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening B. When the speaker describes her job as a “mother,” she uses quite a few big words. What do they refer to? Listen again. Explain in your own words the real meaning of the following paragraph.

Consolidation Activities- Listening Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I have a continuing program of research, in the laboratory and in the field. I’m working for my Masters, and already have four credits. Of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, and I often work 14 hours a day. ______________________________________________________________ I have a list of endless things to do, both indoors and outdoors. I’m working for my whole family, and already have four daughters. Of course, every mother would agree that being a mother is one of the most time-consuming thing in the world, and I often have to work 14 hours a day.

Consolidation Activities- Script Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Titles Other than Mother A woman named Emily renewing her driver’s license at the County Clerk’s office was asked by the woman recorder to state her occupation. She hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “What I mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a ...” “Of course I have a job,” snapped Emily. “I’m a mother.” “We don’t list ‘mother’ as an occupation ... ‘Housewife’ covers it,” said the recorder emphatically.

Consolidation Activities- Script Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I forgot all about her story until one day I found myself in the same situation, this time at our own Town Hall. The clerk was obviously a career woman, poised, efficient, and possessed of a high-sounding title like “Official Interrogator” or “Town Registrar.” “What is your occupation?” she probed. What made me say it, I do not know ... The words simply popped out. “I’m a Research Associate in the field of Child Development and Human Relations.” The clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair, and looked up as though she had not heard right.

Consolidation Activities- Script Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I repeated the title slowly, emphasizing the most significant words. Then I stared with wonder as my pronouncement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire. “Might I ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “just what you do in your field?” Coolly, without any trace of fluster in my voice, I heard myself reply, “I have a continuing program of research, (what mother doesn’t), in the laboratory and in the field, (normally I would have said indoors and out). I’m working for my Masters, (the whole family), and already have four credits, (all daughters). Of course, the

Consolidation Activities- Script Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening job is one of the most demanding in the humanities, (any mother cares to disagree?) and I often work 14 hours a day, (24 is more like it). But the job is more challenging than most run-of-the-mill careers and the rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.” There was an increasing note of respect in the clerk’s voice as she completed the form, stood up, and personally ushered me to the door. As I drove into our driveway, buoyed up by my glamorous new career, I was greeted by my lab assistants – ages 13, 7, and 3. Upstairs I could hear our new experimental model, (a 6-month-old baby), in the child-development program, testing out a new vocal pattern.

Consolidation Activities- Script Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening I felt triumphant! I had scored a beat on bureaucracy! And I had gone on the official records as someone more distinguished and indispensable to mankind than “just another mother.” Motherhood ... What a glorious career! Especially when there’s a title on the door. Does this make grandmothers “Senior Research Associates in the field of Child Development and Human Relations” and great grandmothers “Executive Senior Research Associates”? I think so!!! I also think it makes aunts “Associate Research Assistants.”

Section Five Further Enhancement Text II Memorable quotes Lead-in questions Text Questions for discussion

Lead-in questions Lead-in questions Text II Memorable quotes Lead-in questions 1. Is it the father or mother who plays a more important role in building up a child? 2. What do you think are the benefits of having one parent stay at home to care for the children?

Changing Roles: Stay-at-Home Dads Text1 Text II Memorable quotes Changing Roles: Stay-at-Home Dads British mechanic Neil Walkingshaw was looking for a way to care for his newborn child when he approached his boss with a proposal in early 2000. Reluctant to hire a babysitter once his wife’s maternity leave ended and she returned to work, Walkingshaw asked if he could switch to part-time hours in order to spend half of each day at home looking after his son. His employer refused, saying the paperwork would be “to messy” and that it would be difficult to get anyone to share Walkingshaw’s job. 1.

Text2 Text II Memorable quotes Knowing that the company he worked for had granted similar requests to female employees, Walkingshaw sued on the grounds of sex discrimination. On November 20, 2001, an industrial tribunal ruled that Walkingshaw had been discriminated against and awarded him ￡3,600. The ruling is believed to be the first of its kind, and demonstrates just how much views on parental roles have changed over the years.

Text3 Text II Memorable quotes As little as thirty years ago, few people questioned the gender roles that had prevailed for centuries. The conventional wisdom was that a woman’s place was in the home and that a man’s main responsibility was to put food on the table. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, greater numbers of working women meant that men were no longer the sole breadwinner. A father’s emothinal involvement with his family also became more important. Fifty years ago, almost no husbands were present in the delivery room when their wives gave birth. Today, it is generally expected for male partners to attend childbirth classes, be there for the delivery, and to make more responsibility for child rearing than their fathers or grandfathers did. 2.

Text4 Text II Memorable quotes 3. In addition to society the role men play in relation to childcare, social scientists are also re-examining the contribution a father makes to his child’s welfare and development. Researchers have found evidence to suggest that a father plays a role in child development that is quite different from that of the mother. According to the research, fathers tend to be more playful, thus encouraging children to develop in a different way emotionally and physically than a child might under a mother’s exclusive care.

Text5 Text II Memorable quotes 4. Studies have also found that the presence of the father in the home can contribute to lower juvenile crime rates, a decrease in child poverty, and lower rates of teenage pregnancy. Differences in parenting styles between men and women are also believed to contribute to children’s ability to understand and communicate emotions in different ways. The research supports claims by some groups that the absence of a father in the family is the single biggest social problem in modern society.

Text6 In recent years, organizations like the US-based 5. Text II Memorable quotes In recent years, organizations like the US-based National Fatherhood Initiative have begun to argue that the presence of the father is vital to a child’s development. These organizations aim to encourage fathers to take a more active role in their children’s lives. The movement also calls for the creation of a new image of fatherhood, one that goes beyond the traditional view of the father solely as provider, and also includes the equally crucial roles of nurturer, moral example, disciplinarian, and teacher. 5.

Text7 Text II Memorable quotes 6. Many family experts believe that the ability of a family to raise well-adjusted children has much to do with a society promoting healthy families. If this theory is true, and if the father’s role is as important as mother’s in raising children, it’s possible to imagine a day when society will value the role of the father more, and when all men will learn to take their paternal duties as seriously as Neil Walkingshaw.

Text1 – babysitter Text II Memorable quotes babysitter (Paragraph 1): a babysitter is one who temporarily takes care of a child on behalf of the child’s parents

Text1 – maternity leave Text II Memorable quotes maternity leave (Paragraph 1): time that a mother is allowed to spend away from work when she has a baby

Text1 –part-time hours Text II Memorable quotes part-time hours (Paragraph 1): working less than the normal hours, perhaps by working fewer days per week

Text1 –the paperwork would Text II Memorable quotes ... the paperwork would be “too messy”… (Paragraph 1): … switching to part-time hours would involve tasks such as filling in forms, keeping files up to date, or writing reports and letters which are complicated and unpleasant to deal with …

Text2– Walkingshaw ...Walkingshaw sued on the grounds of sex Text II Memorable quotes ...Walkingshaw sued on the grounds of sex discrimination. (Paragraph 1): … Walkingshaw took legal action against the company for treating him differently because of prejudice.

Text2–an industrial tribunal Text II Memorable quotes an industrial tribunal (Paragraph 1): a court which judges disagreements between workers and their employers

Text2- The ruling is Text II Memorable quotes The ruling is believed to be the first of its kind, and demonstrates just how much views on parental roles have changed over the years. (Paragraph 1): This official decision is said to be the first case of its category, and shows how greatly opinions of parental roles have altered in recent years. Attention should be paid to that fact that the word much in the sentence is not an adjective modifying the noun views, but an adverb in the meaning of a great deal modifying the verb changed.

Text3- As little as Text II Memorable quotes As little as thirty years ago, few people questioned the gender roles that had prevailed for centuries. (Paragraph 2): Only thirty years ago, few people expressed doubts about general beliefs of the social functions performed by males and females that had been widely held for centuries.

Text3- The conventional Text II Memorable quotes The conventional wisdom was that a woman responsibility to his family was to put food on the table. (Paragraph 2): A belief most people held was that a woman should play the role of a housewife or homemaker, and a man a bread-earner.

Text3 - A father’s emotional Text II Memorable quotes A father’s emotional involvement with his family also became more important. (Paragraph 2): It was also getting more important that a father should have stronger emotional links with his family.

Text4 - fathers tend to Text II Memorable quotes … fathers tend to be more playful, … (Paragraph 3): … fathers tend to be active, and more capable of providing fun for the child, …

Text4 - under a Text II Memorable quotes ... under a mother’s exclusive care: taken care of by the mother only

Text5 - the presence of Text II Memorable quotes ... the presence of the father in the home can contribute to lower juvenile crime rates, a decrease in child poverty, and lower rates of teenage pregnancy. (Paragraph 4): With the father in the home, young people can be helped to prevent against legal offense and sexual misbehavior that might result in chance pregnancy.

Text6 - National Fatherhood Initiative Text II Memorable quotes National Fatherhood Initiative (Paragraph 5): The National Fatherhood Initiative is a US-based non-profit, non-partisan organization that aims to improve the well-being of children through the promotion of responsible fatherhood. It was launched on 7th March, 1994 by Don Eberly, a former George H.W. Bush advisor and civil society scholar and Wade F. Horn, a child psychologist.

Text6 - The movement also Text II Memorable quotes The movement also calls for the creation of a new image of fatherhood, one that goes beyond the traditional view of the father solely as provider, and also includes the equally crucial roles of nurturer, moral example, disciplinarian, and teacher. (Paragraph 5): According to the movement, the traditional view on the role of the father should change. He should support his family, devote his time to child rearing, set an example for his children, discipline them and teach them knowledge and skills.

Text7 - well-adjusted children Text II Memorable quotes well-adjusted children (Paragraph 6): children who are emotionally healthy and able to deal well with the problems of life

Questions for discussion1 Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion What was the traditional view on the roles of men and women? Traditionally, Western civilization viewed a woman as a wife and mother whose place should be in the home and a man the sole wage-earner of the family.

Questions for discussion2 Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 2. What does Walkingshaw’s case imply about the problem with children? Many women decide to get jobs because of financial need or to achieve freedom from women’s traditional roles of child rearing and housework. As more and more women have begun working outside the home, many families no longer have an adult at home during the day, and the demand for childcare has risen.

Questions for discussion3 Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 3. What are society’s changing views of the role of men play in relation to childcare? People are re-thinking men’s values and their role in family life. Today, male parents are generally expected to attend childbirth classes, be there for the delivery, and to take more responsibility for child rearing than their fathers or grandfathers did. In other words, they should be more active in the care of children and the home.

Questions for discussion4 Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 4. According to the passage, what do children need most from their fathers? What kids need most from their father is probably his simple presence. Often the two most important things a father should give his children are love and time. Fathers need to make a special point of devoting their home hours and energy to their children. Mutual trust and unconditional love are still the keys to successful child rearing.

Questions for discussion5 Text II Memorable quotes Questions for discussion 5. What can we conclude from the passage about the father’s role in child rearing? Open to discussion.

Memorable Quotes Memorable Quotes Text II Memorable quotes Memorable Quotes Read the following quotes and identify the relationship between blessing and bother, childhood and man, morning and day.

Memorable Quotes Memorable Quotes Text II Memorable quotes Memorable Quotes 1. A baby is an inestimable blessing and bother. – Mark Twain inestimable: impossible to estimate or calculate e.g. What he said at my birthday party serves as an inestimable gift for all my life. Bringing up a baby takes very great efforts, which will bring enormous happiness at the same time.

Memorable Quotes 2. The childhood shows the man, as Text II Memorable quotes 2. The childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. — John Milton as: used as conjunction here to say the way in which sth. happens. e.g. Books are important to the mind, as water is to the fish. An anticipation of the adult’s future features can be discerned with the present character of a child. The same is true with the anticipation of the day which can be told by what the morning is like.

Notation type here