I.Settling the Nile A. A Mighty River school spirit (Blue and White Nile) longest and strongest B. Sheltered Land fertile soil trade, transportation, & protection (triangle) C. Flooding – Use of Nile papyrus-reed plant technology – shadoof (watering can)

D. What were Hieroglyphics picture writing (Wall Art) papyrus paper only men learned it E.The Rise of Government ogranization village chiefs two kingdoms – Upper and Lower Kingdoms

F.Egypt’s Ruling Families Narmer-united the kingdoms 31 dynasties – a line of leaders kept in the family Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms (Dynasty of Time) G.Social Classes 3 Main Groups-Pyramid Upper – pharaoh, priests, and nobles Middle-traders, artisans, and farmers Lower-unskilled workers

H.Family Life Men- “wore the pants” Women- “lots of rights” Children- “home schooled” Parents- “passed down skills”

Irrigation Chapter 2, Section 1 The Nile Valley Trapped floodwater Dug canals or ditches Used a shadoof Built dikes

Settling the Nile Terms to Know: Cataract: fast-moving water, rapids Delta: area of fertile soil Places to Locate Egypt: civilization that developed in the Nile River valley on the continent of Africa Nile River: world’s longest river flowing from south to north to the Mediterranean Sea Sahara: world’s largest desert found in Africa

Academic Vocabulary rely: to depend on for help or support feature: special part of quality that stands out Terms to Review civilization: The Egyptian civilizations used the Nile River in many ways. city-state: Mesopotamian city-states often fought with their enemies. Sum It Up What was Egypt’s physical setting like? The Nile ran through a narrow green valley surrounded by desert. Cataracts to the south and delta marshes to the north. The region was bordered by seas to the north and the east.

The River People Terms to Know papyrus: reed plant that grew along the Nile used to make baskets, sandals, rafts, and paper hieroglyphics: Egyptian system of writing make up of symbols Academic Vocabulary secure: safe, free from danger, protected technology: knowledge used to create tools or methods for completing a task

Terms to Review irrigation: Irrigation helped Egyptian farmers grow food for themselves and their animals technology: Technology gives us better ways of doing jobs that are faster and easier. Sum It Up What crops did ancient Egyptians grow? Ancient Egyptians grew crops such as wheat, barley, and flax seeds.

A United Egypt Drawing Conclusions 1. Narmer led his army and took control of Lower Egypt, and ruled from Memphis, located on the border of the two kingdoms 2. Narmer wore a crown to symbolize unity. 3. Narmer’s descendants passed on the power forming a dynasty. Terms to Know dynasty: a line or series of rulers from the same family

Academic Vocabulary emerge: to appear Sum It Up What is a dynasty? A line of rulers, or leaders, all coming from the same family

Early Egyptian Life Summarizing 1. The pharaoh was at the top of the early Egyptian social structure. 2. Egypt’s upper class was made up of nobles, priests, and other wealthy people. 3. Egypt’s middle class included people who ran businesses or produced goods. 4. Farmers made up the largest group of early Egyptians. 5. Unskilled workers were at the bottom of the social structure in Egypt. 6. Women had more rights in Egypt than in most other early civilizations

Academic Vocabulary portion: a part or section of obtain: to acquire, to gain possession of Sum It Up Who made up the largest group in Egyptian society? farmers

Why did the early Egyptians settle in the Nile River valley? Early Egyptians settled in the valley because the surrounding land was dry, with little rainfall. The river provided water for farming, drinking, bathing, and as a food source of fish. What role did the Nile River valley play in the development of the Egyptian civilization? The Nile valley provided excellent land for farming, access to trade routes, and protection from invaders. This allowed the people and culture to grow and prosper.

How was early Egyptian society divided? Egyptian life was based on a structured social system. The highest classes live with great wealth and were at the top of the pyramid. Lower classes lived very simple lives. Most workers were artisans, traders, farmers, or unskilled. Fathers were the head of the home, but women had rights. Girls were taught household duties and boys were taught a trade. Few children went to school.