1. Ancient Egypt
Chapter 5

2. Ancient Egypt Introduction Objective
Objective: I can identify how the geography of Egypt help develop the culture and people of Egypt.
Question to Answer by the End of Class: How did the geography of Egypt influence the culture?

3. The Nile River Valley
The valley ideal for human development because of the endless fertile soil!
2 Civilizations developed
Egypt (Northern)
Kush (Southern)
The River Supplied EVERYTHING!!!!
Bathing, Drinking Water, Irrigation , anything people needed water for!

4. The Nile River Longest river in the world Lifeblood of all of Egypt
Sources-
Blue Nile- Begins in the snowy mountains
White Nile- Begins in the tropics of Central Africa
RIVERS join just south of EGYPT

5. A Protected Land
At the top of the river is a DELTA that drains into the MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Egypt is protected by physical features on all 4 sides
Northern: Delta
Southern: Cataracts (rough rocks that make the area unnavigable)
Eastern: Eastern Desert
Western: Libyan Desert

6. Trade in Egypt
Trade routes traveled through the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
Trade winds made trading possible.
Current runs North
Trade winds push boats south

7. The Nile and Farming Flooding was seasonal and predictable
The Nile flooded every mid-summer
Crops grown Barley, Wheat, flax seeds
Dry Season Canals were built along with SHADOOF- 2 buckets on each end of a pole to carry water.
Papyrus- A reed plant that was used to make rope, baskets, sandals, and river rafts

8. Writing in Egypt
Hieroglyphics – a grouping of picture symbols and sounds symbols to write down the history of the Egyptians.
Scribes would go to school to learn to copy and write in Hieroglyphics
Written on Papyrus Paper

9. Uniting Egypt
EXTRA FOOD MEANT TIME FOR NEW JOBS which leads to increase in trade.
Trade with Nubia and Mesopotamia lead for the want of a Government.

10. Forming Kingdoms
As trade grew and farms increased organized government was needed
Land Conflicts called for government.
Over time groups of villages gained more and more land.
By 4,000 B.C. Egypt had 2 kingdoms
Upper Egypt (South central area)
Lower Egypt (Northern Delta)

11. Narmer (Menes)
3100 B.C. Led armies from village to village heading north until he united both Kingdoms.
Established a new capital in MEMPHIS that bordered the Upper and the lower portions of the old kingdoms.
Established the right to rule from father to son to grandson. Called a Dynasty

12. The Kingdoms of Egypt 30 Dynasties form 3100 B.C. to 332B.C.
Divided into 3 parts
Old
Middle
New