1 Critical Mission Support Through Energy Security Susan Van Scoyoc Concurrent Technologies Corporation 16 August 2012 Energy Huntsville Meeting Huntsville, AL

22 BLUF on Energy Security DoD Installations are moving towards microgrids as an energy security solution… the Triple Bottom Line

33 What is the State of your Energy Security? Are the critical missions and corresponding critical facilities identified? Are all the mission critical equipment connected to the auxiliary generators? Are your auxiliary generators capable of long-term continuous operation? Can the generation be grid connected and operate in parallel? Do you have large prime power generators on site? Are they connected to the distribution system? Can the installation distribution system be operated independently from the commercial electric utility supply?

44 ESA Methodology for the Army – Three Phases Phase I Phase II Phase III

55 Summarized Results from Phase I Prioritized Critical Energy Needs Phase IESA #1 ESA #2 ESA #3 ESA #4 ESA #5 Number of Missions Critical Tasks Facilities Facility Functions SPFs  The decomposition of critical missions at each facility resulted in identifying SPFs, making site personnel aware of their energy dependencies to accomplish missions.

66 Summarized Results from Phase II Risk and Vulnerability Analysis Phase IIESA #1 ESA #2 ESA #3 ESA #4 ESA #5 Threats Analyzed Total Risks Vulnerability Concern Observation Findings Unconventional Concerns  Phase II mathematically analyzes and uncovers plausible threats and their consequential risks to the mission. The qualitative/quantitative prioritization can be used as mitigation justification.

77 Summarized Results from Phase III Potential Mitigation Solutions Phase IIIESA #1 ESA #2 ESA #3 ESA #4 ESA #5 Mitigation Solutions Identified  Through prioritization and mission owner input, the ESA identified weaknesses in the existing energy security posture and provided actionable solutions for leadership to implement. —Determined multiple solutions with varying complexity and ROI —Provided solutions in a format that can be easily migrated to a form or template for recommended funding channels —Provided a decision point for installation leadership

88 Mission Critical Utility Infrastructure Methodology Planning as a Mitigation Solution High Reliability Generation and Distribution System – Intelligent Distribution System (Smart Grid) – Self Sustaining Electric Infrastructure – Onsite Electric Generation – Demand Response Control Develop Standard Operating Procedure Determine Monitoring/ Control Strategy Establish Distribution Configuration Identify Generation Resource and Location Determine Energy Requirements Define Critical Facilities

99 Missions are constantly changing – Island concept can enable real-time changes to critical facilities supported based on mission cycles Allows flexibility to provide service for Non-Critical Facilities – Critical Missions not always dependant on energy – Some facilities could be supported before critical operations depending on event Identify the Critical Facilities that Everything Relies On – Helps to prioritize and look at emergency with a “utility restoration priority perspective Conceptual Design Results Conceptual Design EstimatesSite #1Site #2Site #3 Load (MW) Installed Generation 1 (MW) Available Generation 1 (MW) Critical Buildings (#) Total ROM Cost ($M) Distribution Upgrades ($M) Engineering ($M) Generation Equipment ($M) Recommended Storage (days)779 1 UFC mandates two backup generators (N+2) for prime power generating plants 2 Does not include existing 5 MW gas turbine 3 Does not include existing distributed generation

10 Lessons Learned Open source interoperability between components and systems for optimal operation and redundancy Specifications for systems must be developed and integrated for Resilient Energy System operation Periodic review of the system needed due to changing installation and mission priorities Auxiliary generators and/or circuit connectivity may be lacking for key mission critical support equipment Generation equipment largest contributor to project cost; decrease demand in critical facilities can lower generation requirements Automated control strategies decrease downtime and increase operational sta bility

11 Technology Gaps Standard communication structure for both monitoring and command/control of distributed resources being implemented outside of a utility infrastructure User-accessible, documented power interface design approach - how to choose components such as inductors/capacitors for solid application Multimode inverters that can operate grid connected and switch to grid independent – Bi-directional DC to DC – Bi-directional AC to DC and DC to AC Cyber security standards/protocols to mitigate threats Small scale nuclear plants for military installations