 Advances in Astronomy and Astrophysics in the Last Years in Peru Ph.D. José K. Ishitsuka et al. Astronomy Division Geophysical Institute of Peru September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Summary  Observatories and Geomagnetic Stations of IGP  Brief history of Geophysical Institute of Peru – IGP  Recent achievements in Astronomy  Opportunities  Conclusions September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

IGP Observatories and Geomagnetic Stations September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea AREQUIPA ICA - GUADALUPE CAÑETE JICAMARCA HUANCAYOANCON 300 km

Huancayo Geophysical Observatory September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Contributions  In 1935 Solar observations begun with a Hale type Solar Spectrograph  Cosmic Ray observations begun with a Forbush detector that was installed in 1936  Discovery of Forbush Effect  Discovery of Equatorial Electrojet September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Solar Physics  In 1957 year of International Geophysical Year, Solar Physicist Mutsumi Ishitsuka of Kyoto University arrived to Huancayo  A new coelostat was installed in 1960s  A new Monochromatic Heliograph was installed in 1965 September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Solar Physics  A new Radio Polarimeter arrived in Huancayo and begun solar observations at 9.4 GHz in 1965  A new Coronagraph Observatory is inaugurated in 1978, at 4,600 meters of altitude, about 70 Km from Huancayo September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea Near a dozen of workers of Huancayo Observatory were trained in Japan

Deep crisis September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Crisis  Due to economic crisis there were no funds to run observatories  Coronagraph Observatory was occupied by terrorist and destroyed in 1988  In 1990s, the Government Policy to reduce Public Institutions, in Huancayo Observatory number of workers were reduced from 50 to three! September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Ancon Observatory  Due to dead threat to Mutsumi Ishitsuka and the possibility to loose magnetometers en Huancayo, Mutsumi Ishitsuka was moved to Ancon Observatory and begun to establish Geomagnetic and Solar observations, early 1990s September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Ancon Observatory  In 1994 Cultural Grant of Government of Japan donated a set of new magnetometers and telescopes  CPMN magnetometers were installed in Ancon, Cañete and Guadalupe  In October of 2006 MAGDAS magnetometer from Kyushu University begun operation September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

A new Planetarium  In 2008 a new Planetarium opened, is a Cultural Grant from the Government of Japan  Planetarium was named: Planetario Nacional Peruano-Japonés “Mutsumi Ishitsuka” September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Astrophysics with a Radio Telescope  After 6 years of negotiation with a telephone company IGP could get a 32 meter antenna, it will be transformed into a radio telescope to observe Star Forming Regions September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Celebrating 52 Years Work of Mutsumi Ishitsuka  International Workshop on NEW ASTRONOMICAL FACILITIES IN PERU, in honor to Mutsumi Ishitsuka September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Solar Physics at a National University  In 2002 a 15 cm telescope was installed at the roof of the Faculty of Sciences of Ica National University to make sunspot observations  In 2009 a new Solar Observatory within the University Campus is almost ready to begin solar observations September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Solar Spectrograph  Thanks to National Astronomical Observatory of Japan the old coelostat from Huancayo could be refurbished and modernized and it is installed in the new Solar Station of Ica University  Exchange of people between Japan and Peru (Ica) is strengthening local university September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Flare Monitor Telescope - FMT September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Housing FMT and 60 cm Telescope  This year we are planning to install FMT and 60 cm Reflector Telescope for astronomical observations September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea  Sliding roof is in process of design

Largest Telescope in Peru  60 cm Telescope will be installed temporarily at Ica University until we could get budgets to construct the Astronomical Observatory  Telescope is ready and waiting to be send to Peru. Thanks to Prof. Takehiko Kuroda from Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory of Japan September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

And more  Public outreach activities are performed in different places, Galileo Telescope Project, Drawing Contest and Lectures September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea  LAGO-PERU Group if formed to install Cosmic Ray Detectors, the first one will be installed in Huancayo  Astronomy Group of National Engineering University will install a Astronomical Observatory in Huancayo Observatory

Opportunities  Peruvian economy is stable for at least two periods  Universities are having funds that is some percentage of Mining taxes of mines that are within the region  There are few scientific projects in universities that fulfils strict rules to use taxes from mining September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea

Conclusions  In Peru we are having significant advances and it possible because of some political, social and economic stability.  We had many international cooperation but it is not everything, may be only a trigger for a real development. September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea  Lack of Science Policy of Government  Development of Sciences depends on people attitude

To reflect September 22nd UN/NASA/ESA/JAXA Workshop on BSS & IHY 2007, Daejeon, Korea  A 5000 year old culture was found in Peru, CARAL There are not signs of war: no army No signs of sacrificial: no religion Most important people in this society were: astronomers! The ideal society?!