Circulatory System By: Janice Kim & Peter JY Kim

What it is AKA “Cardiovascular System” system that circulates the... blood & lymph throughout the body consists heart, lungs, etc.

Table of contents Body’s transport system A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Blood and Lymph Diseases & Health

Transport System contains: heart, blood vessels, blood 3 jobs done deliver needed material by blood remove waste products all body parts

Heart hollow, muscular every beat of pulse cardiac muscle structure

2 phases: atria contract, ventricles contract muscles in ventricles contract, exert force on blood (heart to arteries) Right & Left Ventricle

pacemaker: heart cells send signals out to make heart muscle contract ex. faster hart beat, more oxygen in muscles, supplies blood

Two loops 3 types of blood vessels arteries, capillaries, veins Loop one & Loop Two

A closer look at blood vessels Main function: arteries, capillaries, veins Arteries: where blood travels once it leaves the heart regulating blood flow: muscles are acting to control amount of blood flowing

structure 3 layers = connective, smooth, epithelial pulse: cause by our arteries expanding and shrinking back again, spurting to cause the pulse

Capillaries: Materials exchanged between blood & body’s cell Structure only a cell thick, materials can pass easily through this

Diffusion: molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration Veins: After blood moves from capillaries, it enter the veins.

structure: three layers same as arteries, but outer wall thinner

Blood and lymph Blood= 4 components 1) Plasma: liquid part of blood most material transports in blood carries nutrients: glucose, fats, vitamins, minerals

plasma proteins (3) regulate amount water in blood produce white blood cells, fight disease interacts with platelets to form blood clots

2) Red Blood Cells: take up oxygen in lungs, deliver it to cells else where in the body no red blood cells = no oxygen to breathe produce bone marrow able to bend, twist easily, flexible to squeeze through narrow capillaries mostly made up of hemooglubin

3) White Blood cells: body’s disease fighter produced in bone marrow recognize disease-causing organisms + alert body produce chemicals to fight invaders surround & kill

White and red Differences between red & white

White has fewer #: 1 white = red can live months, years Red smaller

continued 4) Platelets: cell fragments in forming blood clots collect, stick to the vessel at site of wound

release chemicals to start chain reaction produce fibrin stops the bleeding

Blood Types marker molecules: proteins that are on red cells determines blood type A, B, AB, O determine type of blood to safely receive in transfusions

cross matching: 1) check blood type 2) donate blood used “foreign markers” = clumping proteins

Chart characteristicBlood type ABlood Type BBlood Type ABBlood Type O Marker Molecules on Red Blood Cells Clumping Proteins anti- Banti- Ano clumping proteins anti -A and anti- B Blood Types that Can be Safely Received in Transfusion A and OB and OA, B, AB, and OO

Rh factor: protein on red blood cells determined by marker on red blood cell Rh positive = Rh marker

Rh negative = lack markers on cells Rh negative receiving Rh positive = Rh clumping proteins in plasma (dangerous)

Lymphatic System network of veinlike vessels that returns fluid to blood stream lymph: fluid inside the system water, dissolved materials (ex. glucose)

white blood cells that left capillaries no pump, lymphs move slowly lymph nodes: small knobs of tissue filters lymph, trapping bacteria in fluid (larger)

diseases and Health Atheroslerosis artery wall thickens by fatty materials like cholesterols reduce flow of blood to certain areas

less oxygen due to less blood flow heart attack = serious

Hypertension blood pressure higher than normal heart work harder, damaging the heart & walls of blood vessels

not many symptoms could be caused due to atherosclerosis when arteries get narrower, blood pressure could increase

How to avoid Have a healthy diet reduce fats, cholesterol, sodium

avoid smoking to reduce chance exercise and make good choices on food

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