CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

1.Status & Trends : selected indicators Reported landings State of stocks Fleet size EmploymentFoodTrade

STATUS & TRENDS IN FISHERIES STATUS & TRENDS IN FISHERIES High level of overexploitation (about 30% of main stocks; most others highly exploited) High level of overexploitation (about 30% of main stocks; most others highly exploited) Severe reduction in abundance of key species (fishing down the food chain) Severe reduction in abundance of key species (fishing down the food chain) Significant environmental degradation (mangrove, coral reefs, sea beds, etc.) Significant environmental degradation (mangrove, coral reefs, sea beds, etc.) High level of overcapacity (fleet size down in number since the late 90’s but not necessarily so for fishing power) High level of overcapacity (fleet size down in number since the late 90’s but not necessarily so for fishing power)

STATUS & TRENDS IN FISHERIES STATUS & TRENDS IN FISHERIES Increased competition for access to stocks (industrial vs. small scale commercial or small scale recreational; international competition for access to EEZs or High Sea) Increased competition for access to stocks (industrial vs. small scale commercial or small scale recreational; international competition for access to EEZs or High Sea) High level of illegal, non reported and non regulated (IUU) fishing High level of illegal, non reported and non regulated (IUU) fishing Growth in international trade of fish, capital intensity and vertical concentration Growth in international trade of fish, capital intensity and vertical concentration Severe socio-economic impacts on industry, food security and poverty Severe socio-economic impacts on industry, food security and poverty

Reported marine production World Capture Aquaculture Million tonnes World excluding China Capture Aquaculture Million tonnes

Stocks trends:

International trade Trade has been growing at a reducing rate

Fleet size: From past to future ?

2. Selected issues Overfishing Overcapacity / fleet size Economic viability Subsidies Bycatch and discards Monitoring (MCS) Right-based systems Natural oscillations FishmealStatisticsCapacity-buildingRFMOs Non-tariff barriers & trade Precautionary approach Extinction and FAO- CITES Capture-based aquaculture Labor standards Catch certification Ecolabelling Deep sea fisheries Stock recovery Biodiversity, ecosystem IUU Climate change Decentralization & co- management Ethics – Animal welfare “Classical”“New/Emerging”

3. OVERALL CHALLENGE ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK From the old productivist paradigm: not accounting effectively for limits to production not accounting effectively for limits to production based on open access (even if often regulated) based on open access (even if often regulated) complemented by basic conservation measures (stock/habitat protection). complemented by basic conservation measures (stock/habitat protection). Toward a new management paradigm based on: New policy framework: Code of Conduct for responsible Fisheries (1995) and related international instruments New policy framework: Code of Conduct for responsible Fisheries (1995) and related international instruments effective access control and rights effective access control and rights industry participation and some form of co-management industry participation and some form of co-management effective integration of management and conservation measures. effective integration of management and conservation measures.

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT A. Undertake institutional reform CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT A. Undertake institutional reform Review and systematically adapt laws, policies, institutions and decision making processes to the new policy framework (CCRF ++) Review and systematically adapt laws, policies, institutions and decision making processes to the new policy framework (CCRF ++) Adapt approaches and measures for effective access control (direct or indirect) Adapt approaches and measures for effective access control (direct or indirect) Adapt economic incentives & disincentives (subsidies, fiscal measures) Adapt economic incentives & disincentives (subsidies, fiscal measures) Address the issue of responsibilities, rights and co-management with stakeholder Address the issue of responsibilities, rights and co-management with stakeholder Address the issue of multilevel governance Address the issue of multilevel governance

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT B. Address related core issues CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT B. Address related core issues Define/redefine fisheries management units (ecosystems, fisheries, fleet segments, etc.) Define/redefine fisheries management units (ecosystems, fisheries, fleet segments, etc.) Reduce fishing capacity when it exits; freeze capacity and reduce effort if the only workable solution in the short-medium term; Reduce fishing capacity when it exits; freeze capacity and reduce effort if the only workable solution in the short-medium term; Research and adopt measure for reconstitution of major stocks affected by overexploitation Research and adopt measure for reconstitution of major stocks affected by overexploitation Address IUU issues as per the guidance provided by the IPOA and through the mainstreaming of fisheries management measures Address IUU issues as per the guidance provided by the IPOA and through the mainstreaming of fisheries management measures Reconcile fisheries management and conservation: forcing the linkage so as to avoid the tendency to conserve while ‘letting go of management’ Reconcile fisheries management and conservation: forcing the linkage so as to avoid the tendency to conserve while ‘letting go of management’

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT C. Enhance international cooperation Strengthen Regional Fisheries Management Organizations Strengthen Regional Fisheries Management Organizations Assist developing countries in organizing and developing the capacities required for fisheries management Assist developing countries in organizing and developing the capacities required for fisheries management Enhance cooperation for the implementation of key fisheries management instruments (CCRF, Fish Stock and Compliance Agreement, IPOAs on capacity and IUU, etc.) Enhance cooperation for the implementation of key fisheries management instruments (CCRF, Fish Stock and Compliance Agreement, IPOAs on capacity and IUU, etc.) Provide support to more appropriately address new issues at the global level (e.g. through coordinated research, global assessment, international expert reviews and global consultations) Provide support to more appropriately address new issues at the global level (e.g. through coordinated research, global assessment, international expert reviews and global consultations)

CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT D. Account for the Social Response CHALLENGES TO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT D. Account for the Social Response Media Storming Media Storming Societal call for conservation (but not necessarily for fisheries management) Societal call for conservation (but not necessarily for fisheries management) Consumer mobilisation Consumer mobilisation Court actions Court actions

4. CONCLUSIONS Many issues to be addressed New demands to be expected from more active stakeholders Main challenge is to not forget fundamental requirements for management and focus on developing an enabling environment for the implementation of existing instruments - as recommended by COFI 2005

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