From the Cradle to the Grave The Interwar Years 1918-1939.

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Presentation transcript:

From the Cradle to the Grave The Interwar Years

The Interwar Years Aims: Understand the problems caused by high unemployment in the 1930s. Identify what measures were introduced by the government to help the British people.

The Impact of the Great War During the First World War the government had to take greater control of the country to cope with wartime problems e.g. food supply. At the end of the war Lloyd George, the Prime Minister promised a ‘land fit for heroes’. The war had damaged the economy and caused unemployment. Industries like coal, shipbuilding declined and new industries e.g. car production did not create enough jobs. The world was hit by an economic ‘depression’ in the 1930s and every country faced high unemployment. Britain had five governments between – it was difficult to put plans into practice.

The Problem of Unemployment 1920 National Insurance for unemployment was extended to workers earning less than £5 a week – except farm labourers, domestic servants and civil servants. As unemployment rose to around 10% of the workforce by the 1930s the government introduced the ‘dole’ to keep people going once their unemployment insurance ran out after 15 weeks. By 1931 the government was struggling to cope and they had to cut unemployment benefit by 10%. The ‘means test’ was introduced – before the dole was given the family’s circumstances would be examined. Everyone’s wages were taken into account e.g. a grown up son or daughter.

Other Welfare Measures 1918 Education Act – school leaving act raised to 14. The government grants grants to local councils to encourage the building of council houses – rents were still too expensive for many working people Old Age Pensions Act – gave a pension to people over 65 who had paid enough NI contributions. The government tried to help areas hardest hit by unemployment e.g. Wales, Scotland, Midlands.

Tasks Read pages of your workguide and answer the following questions. 1.How was unemployment insurance improved in 1920? 2.Which groups of workers were still not covered? 3.What was the ‘dole’? 4.Which areas of the country had the highest numbers of unemployed workers? 5.How many people were unemployed by 1932? 6.Why did the government have to cut unemployment benefit in 1931? 7.What was the means test? Do you think this was fair?