2. Conscription J.M. Andrews Ireland Act 1949 Sir Basil Brooke Welfare State Beveridge Report Health Services Act Education Act 1947

3. 1. Northern Ireland played an important part in WWII because her ports and airports could be used as bases for convoy protection. - The North was used as a training ground for preparing for D-Day invasions - Conscription was not extended to NI because of Nationalist objections, but 5,000 from NI died fighting in the war. - At the end of the war, Churchill congratulated NI on its part, also contrasted the involvement of the South - Craig died in 1940, he was replaced by J.M Andrews who refused to bring in younger ministers. He was forced to resign in 1943 and was replaced by Sir Basil Brooke.

6. 2. Northern industry contributed to the war effort - Ships, almost 700 warships and merchant ships were built during the war - Harland & Wolff launched 140 warships and 123 merchant ships. It made 550 tanks, and Shores built 1,500 bombers/ - Engineering works made guns - By 1945 the number of jobs in shipbuilding had increased to 21,000; other industries employed almost 21,000 workers, while the aircraft industry employed over 20,000/

8. 3. Clothing factories made shirts, uniforms and parachutes. 4. Thousands of jobs were created when the North became a base for the US Navy and for training American soldiers. 5. Unemployment fell from 25% to 5% and wages rose.

9. 6. Agriculture during WWII - Agriculture supplied food to the British market; there were guaranteed prices for farm produce; production trebled. - Compulsory tillage orders increased the acreage under tillage; major crops were flax, oats and potatoes. By 1948 there were over 30,000 extra agricultural workers. Overall the NI economy benefited greatly from WWII

11. 1. Agriculture Exports of surplus eggs and milk continued to Britain Northern farmers were guaranteed prices and markets: farmers’ incomes rose. 2. Industry The traditional industries of shipbuilding, textiles and engineering continued their decline.

12. 3. Health Beveridge Report: all party report that recommended free healthcare and a system of insurance for all people The North benefited from the application of the Welfare State In 1948 the Northern Ireland Health Services Act was passed, which gave to Northern Ireland the same scheme of health service as in Britain: there was a comprehensive scheme of healthcare free for all citizens, with no means test. Because of the Health Services Act, Northern Ireland healthcare was well ahead of that in the South

13. 4. Housing The extension of the Welfare State boosted the building of houses 5. Education The extension of the Welfare State had a major effect on education in Northern Ireland. The Education Act 1947 raised the school-leaving age to 15, provided free post-primary education, gave increased grants to voluntary schools (i.e Catholic schools), and provided more university grants.

14. 6. As a result, numbers in secondary schools doubled. Other effects included: - Secondary schooling was free in the North, but not in the South - Spending per pupil was much higher than in the South - It created a new, educated, Catholic middle class. 7. In 1945 Industries Development Act introduced loans and grants for new enterprises as well as providing them with factory site locations 8. The improvements in health, housing and education changed Northern Ireland, brought her closer to Britain and widened the divisions between North and South

15. 1. The post-war period saw the strengthening of the links between Northern Ireland and Britain. 2. Politics: Unionist domination continued. When the Southern Government passed the Republic of Ireland Act the British government passed the Ireland Act (1949), which stated ‘that in no event will Northern Ireland or any past thereof cease to be part of his Majesty’s dominions and of the United Kingdom without the consent of the Parliament of Northern Ireland’