1. The Liberal Welfare
Reforms:
What do you know?

2. Start by looking at Page 3 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Write down the main reasons why people were poor at the start of the 20th Century?
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Old age
Large Families
Disability
Death
Illness
Unemployment

3. Look at Page 4 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Try to answer the questions and then click mouse to reveal correct answers.
How were these people helped by the poor law?
Who looked after the poor in 1890?
The Poor Law:
The Sick
The Unemployed
They could get some outdoor relief and in some cases access to free Poor-Law hospitals.
Who were the Boards of Guardians?
Help was usually indoor relief, but in some areas there was outdoor relief.
Local officials known also as the “Parish”. It was a form of help dreaded by most people.
The Old
The Young
Help was usually outdoor and had improved significantly by 1900.
Children went to the workhouse with their parents. They were sometimes fostered by local families.
What was indoor relief?
Indoor relief meant going into the Workhouse. This was a harsh place where people were given help but they were treated badly by being separated from their families and being given boring physical work to do. It was meant to discourage people from being poor and was very unpopular.
Name some problems with people depending on charity for help?
What was outdoor relief?
Not all areas were covered.
Some poor people were not seen as worthy of help.
People were too proud to ask for charity
Outdoor relief was given to people in their own home. Food, money or help would be given to people while they still lived at home. This was still unpopular as it carried great shame and many people were too proud to accept it.

4. Read the page and then close the booklet.
Start by looking at the section on Social investigators on Page 5 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Which investigator does each statement refer to: Booth or Rowntree Or Both?
Came up with idea of the “poverty line”
Wrote a study based on interviews with doctors, the poor, teachers and priests.
Rowntree
Booth
Both
Said most poor people could not help being poor.
Said poverty led to illness and death
Studied life in York.
Booth
Rowntree
Said the poor needed 21s a week to live – 30% of people were poor.
Said large families most common cause of poverty
Booth
Both
Studied life in London
Rowntree

5. Look at Page 6 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Match the politician with the description
Chancellor of the Exchequer who designed many reforms
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister from
David Lloyd George
Designed Labour Exchanges scheme
Herbert Asquith
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6. Click your mouse for the answers
Look at pages 7-8 of your notes. Make a spider diagram on all of the reasons why the Liberals introduced their reforms. Put away you spider diagram. Then try and explain reasons below.
Labour Party
Labour was a new political party that was trying to take Liberal supporters. The Liberals introduced reforms to keep this support.
Social investigations
Reports by men like Booth and Rowntree made the Liberals realise there was a problem – so they introduced their reforms.
The country needed fit workers and soldiers to defend the empire and compete with the USA and Germany –the Liberal reforms would help with this.
National efficiency
Key individuals
Men like Lloyd George and Churchill were keen to help the poor and so worked to introduce the reforms.
Key individuals
New ideas known as “New Liberalism” became fashionable – they said that the government should help poor people.
Win votes
The Liberals wanted to win votes and these reforms were popular with some of the people.
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7. Read the page and then close the booklet.
Start by looking at the section on free school meals on Page 9 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions
In what year were free school meals introduced?
1906.
Name 2 advantages of the scheme.
1) 158,000 children were given a free school meal by 1914.
2) The Government accepted that it should help poor children.
Name a disadvantage of the scheme.
Most poor children did not get a free school meal.
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8. Read the page and then close the booklet.
Start by looking at the section on School Medicals on Page 9 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions
In what year were school medicals introduced?
1907.
Name an advantage of the scheme.
Many children were diagnosed with life threatening diseases
Name a disadvantage of the scheme.
Once a child had been diagnosed with a disease, there was no free treatment. Most parents could not find the money for the doctors.
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9. Read the page and then close the booklet.
Start by looking at the section on School Clinics on Page 9 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions
In what year was were school clinics introduced passed?
1912.
Name an advantage of the scheme.
Children of school age got free treatment
Name a disadvantage of the scheme.
The rest of the family were not covered.
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10. Read the page and then close the booklet.
Start by looking at the section on The Children’s Act on Page 9 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions
In what year was the Children’s Act passed?
1908.
Name three things the Act did.
1) It was illegal to harm or neglect children
2) Children under 14 were banned from pubs
3) It was illegal to sell tobacco to children under 16
4) Children were no longer sent to adult jails.
What was the main advantage of the scheme
It made children special under the law.
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11. Read Page 10 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions
What words are missing from this paragraph:
Old Age pensions were introduced by an Act of Parliament passed in The first pensions were paid on 1st January Almost everyone over the age of 70 was given a free pension. Old people no longer had to rely on the Poor Law or Charity for help ,000 people claimed their pension in the first year. This was free benefit provided by the government.
What words are missing from this paragraph:
Old Age pensions were introduced by an Act of Parliament passed in The first pensions were paid on 1st January Almost everyone over the age of 70 was given a free pension. Old people no longer had to rely on the Poor Law or Charity for help ,000 people claimed their pension in the first year. This was free benefit provided by the government.
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Name any two advantages of the Old Age Pensions Scheme:
By the time a person was 70 they had been working a very long time. They were often disabled and most people died before they got to 70.
Only the very poor got all of the money from the pension.
Some people, such as drunks, lazy people and criminals could not get a pension at all.

12. Read the page and then close the booklet.
Start by looking at the section on Labour Exchanges on Page 11 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions
In what year were the Labour exchanges introduced?
1909.
What did they do?
They were aimed at getting men into jobs as quickly as possible so they would not be without wages.
Before this men had to wander around to try and find a job.
By men a day were finding work through one of the government’s Labour Exchanges.
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13. Read Page 11 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions – Click for the answers.
Who ran the Unemployment Insurance Scheme?
The Government
Who joined the scheme
All low-paid workers and those in seasonal jobs
Name the three groups who paid for the scheme?
Workers, employers and the government
What benefits did people get?
Unemployed people got 7s 6d for 15 weeks
1) Not all people could join
Benefits too low
Benefits soon ran out.
1) Many people were helped
2) Employers were forced to help their workers
Name 3 disadvantages
Name 2 advantages

14. Read Page 12 of your booklet.
Read the page and then close the booklet.
Now see if you can answer the following questions - Click for the answers.
Who ran the Health Insurance Scheme?
The Government
Who joined the scheme
All low-paid workers
Name the three groups who paid for the scheme?
Workers, employers and the government
What benefits did people get?
10s a week sick pay for 13 week. Then 5s a week for 13 weeks. Workers also got free medical treatment
1) Families not covered
Not everyone could join
Benefits too low
Benefits soon ran out.
1) Many people were helped
2) Employers were forced to help their workers
Name 4 disadvantages
Name 2 advantages

15. Click your mouse for the answers
Look at pages 13 of your notes. Make a spider diagram on all of the reasons why some people opposed the reforms. Put away you spider diagram. Then try and explain reasons below.
Labour Party
Wanted more reform – said the Liberal reforms were too weak
The Rich
They had to pay for the reforms in taxes.
They were businesspeople and employed servants – they did not like having to pay National Insurance contributions.
Middle Class
Insurance companies
Feared the new schemes would take away their business.
Working Class.
Did not like being made to pay for some of the schemes and disliked the government interfering in their lives.
Conservative
Party
Said giving help to the poor would make them lazy.
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