The Netherlands: presentation Population:16,6 millions Area: km² density 396 hab/km² Amsterdam: political and economical capital The Hague: seat of government 3 levels of administration: the state, the provinces and the municipalities Parliamentary democracy and constituional monarchy Bicameral parliament « the States General » The upper house(Erste kamer): 75 members The Lower House(Tweede kamer): 150 members
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE NETHERLANDS A unitary and decentralized state
An unitary and decentralized state An unitary state governed by the central government based in The Hague Two levels of decentralization - The Provinces (12) - Municipalities (<400) A fonctional decentralization
The provinces Institutional organization a bicephalous executive - The commissioner of the Queen - The « Member States » Statements provincial (provincial council) - elected in proportion to 4 years - Appointing members of Senate
The provinces Competences A general clause of competences - Local interest - Anything not expressly within the jurisdiction of the state Autonomus competences - A few - main body of co-administration shared competences with Municipalities - housing, social services, culture, tourism, sport, etc..
Municipalities Institutional organization a bicephalous executive - The « Mayor » - The Aldermen The municipal council - From 9 to 45 councilors elected by direct universal and proportional suffrage for 4 years - May include foreign concilors
Municipalities Competences A general clause of competences Autonomus competences - Many: police, firefighter, waste management, education, health shared competences - State (a few) - Provinces
The waterboards An institution dating from the Middle Ages A fonctional decentralization all over the state - System Management Regulatory Polders - Water Quality - Maintenance of waterways (competence unsystematic) Organization - the executive and its chairman are appointed by the government - An assembly elected by the owners of land and houses in the territory
Intercommunality Growing phenomenon Different forms Regions of intermunicpal cooperation
Means of implementation In compliance with the two principles: - Autonomy - Comanagement The legislative power of communities - The legislative bodies are entitled to publish regulations - Plans - Individual decisions The power of sanctions - Violation of self-regulation can be punished - Administrative sanctions
Budget (2006) Provinces : 4.2 billion euros - Own resources : 38% - Overall allocation of the state (algemene uitkering) : 24% - Specific grants (specifieke uitkering) : 38 % Municipalities: 43.5 billion euros - Own resources: 17% - Responsible municipal (State) : 29% - Specific grants : 54% Waterboards - Taxes (1.9 billion)
Notable features of the local public service Approximately 210,000 officials - Feature : Local Public Service down while state civil service is up - Recruitment by maintaining motivation Major Officials - The clerk for the provinces - The municipal secretary Influential trade unions An association : "the association of provinces and municipalities
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