MEASUREMENT OF AIR TOXICS IN THE CABINS OF COMMUTER VEHICLES UNDER SUMMER AND WINTER CONDITIONS IN OTTAWA, CANADA Deniz Karman, Oznur Oguz (*), and Gultekin Akay (*) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (*) Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Lisa A. Graham Environmental Technology Centre, Environment Canada 3439 River Road, K1A 0H3 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 11TH CRC ON-ROAD VEHICLE EMISSIONS WORKSHOP San Diego, California March 26-28, 2001

Overview Overall study (*) objectives In-vehicle sampling Results & Discussion Comparisons Conclusions (*) The in-vehicle study is part of a larger project entitled “Measurement and Modelling of Motor Vehicle Related Air Pollution along Urban Streets”

Overall Study Objectives To establish a database of motor vehicle related toxic substance concentrations and PM 2.5 mass concentrations at nose-level along a busy downtown street by measurements in the two extremes of weather (Summer and Winter) in a typical Canadian city. To compare and correlate the short term (2 hour periods of peak traffic volume) concentrations of toxic substances and fine particulate matter measured at nose-level with the regional air quality monitoring data of longer duration (24 hours) measured at other urban sites.

Overall Study Objectives To compare and correlate the short-term concentrations of toxic substances measured at nose-level with the in-vehicle concentrations on typical commuting trips. To determine the contribution of motor vehicle traffic to the measured toxic substance concentrations and fine particulate matter by comparisons with motor vehicle emission data.

Ambient air quality monitoring at a bus station on a busy urban sidewalk - Slater Street, Ottawa

Ambient sampling stations constructed at ETC for roadside measurement of VOC, PM2.5, and carbonyl compounds

Oznur Oguz, a visiting Oznur Oguz taking roadside measurements in January 2000, Slater Street, Ottawa. Windchill: - 51 C ( - 60 F)

Evacuated 1 L Summa canister with flow controller and pressure gauge 1 L/min personal sampling pump and DNPH cartridge Used in car and bus

In-vehicle sampling program for VOC and carbonyl compounds 15 Winter days (January-February 2000) 15 Summer days (July-August 2000) 2 sampling periods, 8-9 A.M. and 4-5 P.M. Routes and vehicles: –Bus: min route along main “downtown” streets, different bus for different sessions –Car: commute along an arterial route that combines rural and urban settings. ~ 10 year old vehicles Nissan (Winter) and Aries (Summer)

PARAFFINS OLEFINS AROMATICS PARAFFINS OLEFINS AROMATICS OLEFINS AROMATICS TNMHC SCATTER PLOT MATRICES OF TOTAL IDENTIFIED NMHC & SPECIES GROUPS (IN-CAR-WINTER)(IN-CAR-SUMMER)

SCATTER PLOT MATRIX FOR SOME ABUNDANT NMHC COMPONENTS (winter-in-car) Note: A few suspected sessions and blank or zero values were not used.

SCATTER PLOT MATRIX FOR SOME ABUNDANT NMHC COMPONENTS (winter-street) Note: Blank or zero values were not used.

Conclusions High variability in all species concentrations among sessions In-vehicle concentrations generally higher than roadside Strong correlations among certain species Concentrations measured in this study are in the lower end of the range of comparable concentrations from other studies

Current work: –Statistical analysis of in vehicle (VOC and carbonyl) and roadside (VOC, carbonyl, PM2.5) data nearly complete. Full dataset to be available on web site. –CMB Modelling for VOCs and PM2.5

Acknowledgement Funding for the study was provided by: TSRI - Health Canada (Toxic Substances Research Initiative) The in-vehicle sampling was accomplished with the combined efforts of Sandra Bayne, Norm Meyer, Lianne Noseworthy and Mod Keetile. All contributions are gratefully acknowledged: