Estimated Mercury Emission Reductions in NC from Co- control as a Result of CSA 2004 NC DENR/DAQ Hg & CO2 Workshop Raleigh, NC April 20, 2004 Steve Schliesser Paul Grable NC Division of Air Quality

Presentation Summary n NC Electric Utility Hg Control Features - Coal Characteristics - Boiler Types - Current & Planned Emission Controls n Statewide Hg Emission Estimates - From Existing Controls - From Planned Future Controls - Emission Reduction Schedule - Speciated Hg Emissions n Conclusions & Plans

Hg Emissions and Control Study for Electric Utilities n Electric Utility Industry Is Primary Hg Emission Source in NC (75% Hg emissions) n Current Statistics - 48 Utility Boilers with 13,300 MW - Duke Power with 8,200 MW - Progress Energy with 5,100 MW - Variety of Conventional Boilers - No Hg-specific emission controls

Electric Utility Company Plans n Plans Submitted for CSA n All with Combustion Controls - 46/48 with SCR / SNCR / Advanced NOx Controls (>98% State Capacity) - NOx Controls Installed in n 22 SO2 Wet FGD Scrubbers on Largest Units (80% State Capacity) - SO2 Scrubbers Installed 2005 – Largest Scrubbers Installed 2005 – 2009

Emissions Reductions Under Clean Smokestacks Act 50, , , , , , , , , , NOx (tons/year) SO 2 (tons/year) 245,000 60,000 56, , , ,000

NC Electric Utility Boiler Characteristics n Current Design and Operation - All Eastern Bitmuninous Low-S Coal - Favorable Hg Controllability Coal - All T-Fired or Wall-Fired Boilers - Most larger units with Cold-side ESPs - Several small Hot-side ESPs - No Wet FGD Scrubbers

Comparison of Average Coal Burned in NC vs USA Coal Composition Area Hg, lb/TBtu Chlorine ppm Cl/SO2 Ratio NC USA

Location and Size of NC Electric Utility Plants

DAQ Estimated Mercury Emissions Based on EPA and EPRI Correlations n EPA Estimates - Based on 1999 ICR data (1100 boilers & 80 tests) - Results by category (e.g., bituminous coal, cold-side ESP) - Averaged category data without coal variables - Used Sound Science - Results applicable for large data sets - Predict 48 tons Hg emissions in USA n EPRI Estimates - Based on 1999 ICR data (1100 boilers & 80 tests) - Results by category (e.g., bituminous coal, cold-side ESP) - Correlated category data on key coal variables - Used Sound Science - Results applicable for large data sets - Predict 45 tons Hg emissions in USA

NC-Relevant APCD Comparisons Of EPA and EPRI Hg Removal Predictions APCDEPAEPRI % Hg Removal ESP Cold-side ESP Hot-side ESP - Cold / FGD ESP - Hot / FGD 4065

EPA and EPRI Mercury Emission Projections Mercury Levels Boiler input, lb/yr Emissions, lb/yr Removal, % CurrentFutureCurrentFuture EPRI EPA

EPA and EPRI Mercury Emission Projections For NC Electric Utilities

Mercury Emission Reduction Schedule for NC Utilities Using EPRI Correlations

Forecast Summary of Mercury Emission Estimates from NC Electric Utility Boilers

Removal Summary for Total and Speciated Mercury Mercury Removal % (Relative to Total Hg) TotalElementalOxidizedPM Current Future

Tabulated Forecast Summary of Mercury Emission Estimates from NC Electric Utility Boilers Mercury Emissions, lb/yr (Rounded) Boiler input TotalElementalOxidizedPM Current Future

NC Electric Utilities Hg R&D Involvement n Hosted EPA Hg CEMS Project in 2002 in NC on Bituminous Coal w/ Cold-side ESP n Contract with Leading FGD Supplier Having DOE/EPRI Hg Control Evaluation Projects n Sponsor or Co-Sponsor of DOE/EPRI Projects on Hg Control Performance - In GA with Carbon Injection - In NC with Hot-side ESP Sorbents - In NC with FGD - In NC with NOx Controls

Conclusions n NC Leading State For Electric Utility : - Multi Pollutant Regulations - State-of-the-art NOx & SO2 Controls - Favorable Coal for Hg Control - Significant Hg Emission Reductions, including Oxidized Hg

Future DAQ Plans n Continue Hg Control Evaluation - Update / Refine Emission Control Analysis n Complete 2 nd Interim CSA Report n Consider Adding MDN Site(s) in Piedmont to Assess - Wet Deposition - Benefits of FGD Scrubbers - Relationship Between Hg Emissions & Local Impact