1 Community Summary Report on Zoonoses main results presented on 5–6 March 2009 in Brussels Pia Makela, Head of the Zoonoses Data Collection Unit

5 March Zoonosis – Zoonoses Zoonosis = a disease or infection, which is naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans Transmission often takes place via contaminated foodstuffs A large portion (1/3-1/2) of human infectious diseases has a zoonotic feature

5 March Infection routes of zoonoses food animals, food

5 March Data collection on Zoonoses in EU EFSA collects and analyse data on zoonoses and publishes an annual Community Summary Report in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ECDC provides for and analyses the data on human zoonoses cases

5 March Recall that EU stands for … 27 Member States and … 23 official languages

5 March United in diversity… Diversity; between the Member States (MSs) in; food consumption patterns traditions in food preparation type of food products on the market structure and size of food- and animal industries, organisation of official control authorities, and occurrence of the pathogens.

5 March But in the EU we share a lot: The Community legislation –the legislation on food hygiene, zoonoses and animal health is almost fully harmonised Single market for foodstuffs and animals –intra-Community trade in food is substantial, with e.g. many multinational companies

5 March Reporting on Zoonoses in EU

5 March Zoonoses data collection Data collection mandatory for 8 zoonoses: –Salmonella (+ antimicrobial resistance) –Campylobacter (+ antimicrobial resistance) –Listeria monocytogenes –Brucella –Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis –Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli –Trichinella –Echinococcus And also for foodborne outbreaks

5 March Analyses of the annual zoonoses data Analyses of trends over the years (in MS/ EU) Identification of sources of human infections (which foodstuffs / animal species) Geographical distributions (maps) In the analyses EFSA and ECDC is assisted by Zoonoses Collaboration Centre, in Danish National Food Institute, DTU

5 March Trend analyses Analyses of trends over the years the preferred option in the analyses In many cases data not directly comparable between the MSs, but it is often comparable within the country between the reporting years, unless the monitoring system has changed The trends provide information –on EU and national developments –re-emerging zoonoses –impact of control measures/ programmes

5 March Community Summary reports 2007 Summary Report on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in 2007 was published on (this report) Summary Report on foodborne outbreaks will be published end March 2009 Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in September 2009 (including review on historical data)

5 March Notification rates of zoonoses cases in humans, 2007 Campylobacte- riosis and salmonellosis by far the most frequently reported zoonotic diseases in EU

5 March Human campylobacteriosis increased in EU in 2007 Campylobacteriosis typically causes diarrhoea, sometimes fever, headache and nausea In total reported confirmed cases in EU, 2007

5 March Campylobacteriosis in humans in MSs, 2007 There are differing trends amongst the MSs (same case for other zoonoses)

5 March Campylobacter findings in animals and food in MSs, 2007 Campylobacter most often reported from live poultry and pigs, but in food mainly only from raw broiler meat (on average 26% positive)

5 March MSs’ specific trends in Campylo- bacter in broiler flocks, 2007

5 March Campylobacter in broiler flocks, weighted mean in the 9 MSs, trend analyses, 2007 MSs’ specific results weighted by the size of national production, no significant trend observed at MSs group level

5 March Salmonellosis in humans (24 MSs), 2007 Statistically significant decrease in human cases at EU level since 2004 In total, confirmed cases reported in EU, 2007

5 March Salmonella in food and animals, EU, 2007 Salmonella most often detected in poultry and food thereof

5 March Salmonella in food, 2007, most often found in meats

5 March Salmonella in vegetables and fruit, EU, 2007 Several MSs investigated vegetables and fruits for Salmonella, prompted by the large international outbreaks. Very few positive findings were made

5 March Salmonella in breeding flocks of fowl (Gallus gallus), was the 1. year MSs to implement the new Salmonella control programmes in breeding flocks of poultry Already 15 MSs met the target (=1%) set for end 2009

5 March Listeriosis in humans, EU, 2007 Listeriosis remained at the same level as in 2006, following significant increase in the previous years Reported mortality high (20%), affecting mainly the elderly In total 1554 confirmed cases reported in EU, 2007

5 March Listeria in ready-to-eat foods, in EU, 2007 L. monocytogenes findings over the legal safety limit (100 bacteria/g) were most often reported from fishery products (smoked fish), meat products and cheeses, but typically at low levels: for fishery products 1-2%, others < 1%

5 March L.monocytogenes in cheeses (presence), 2007 Listeria most often detected in soft/semi-soft cheeses

5 March L.monocytogenes in fishery products, (presence), 2007 Listeria most often detected in smoked fish

5 March Verotoxigenic E.coli (VTEC) in food, EU, 2007 VTEC mostly reported from raw bovine meat, typically at low levels In total, 2905 confirmed cases in humans reported in EU, 2007

5 March Brucellosis in animals and human, EU, 2007 Brucellosis in cattle remained at same level as in 2006 in EU level Burcellosis in sheep and goats decreased slightly In humans brucellosis decreasing as well, 542 cases in EU, 2007

5 March Trichinella in wild life, EU, 2007 Trichinella very seldom reported from slaughter pigs, most findings from wild life In total, 779 confirmed cases in humans reported in EU, 2007

5 March Main conclusions from 2007 data Campylobacteriosis still increasing in humans; broiler meat the main food-borne source with high contamination levels Salmonellosis decreasing in humans; eggs, poultry and pig meat main sources Listeriosis in humans of concern, very few findings over the safety limit in ready-to-eat foods Bovine tuberculosis and animal brucellosis slowly decreasing in EU Wild life the main reservoir of the zoonotic parasites and rabies in EU