Kingdom Animalia

General Characteristics All species are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, require oxygen to perform cellular respiration and all evolved from a common ancestor millions of years ago. The following are phyla that are in this Kingdom

Invertebrate Phyla The following Phyla all do not possess a dorsal nerve cord or vertebral column of any sort, therefore they are all termed ‘Invertebrates’. They are some of the most numerous animal species on this planet!

Phylum Porifera “pore bearing” They are primitive, sessile, mostly marine, water dwelling filter feeders that pump water through their bodies to filter out particles of food matter. Have no true tissue, so were probably the first jump from unicellular to multicellular animals. Sponges are the best example.

Phylum Cnidaria Possess stinging cells The basic body shape of a cnidarian consists of a sac containing a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening that functions as both mouth and anus. Radially symmetrical Coral, sea anemones, jellyfish, sea wasps are prime examples

Phylum Platyhelminthes ‘flat worm’ The flatworm’s soft body is ribbon- shaped, flattened dorso-ventrally (from top to bottom), and is bilaterally symmetrical. Flatworms exhibit an undulating form of locomotion. Sexual (hermaphroditic) and asexual (transverse fission) reproduction. Use a haptor to attach to species for feeding. Most are free-living, some parasites. Closed tube digestive system. Depending on species and age, individuals can range in size from almost microscopic to over 20 m long. The longest ever recorded flatworm was a tapeworm over 27 m long!

Phylum Annelida ‘Segmented worms’ They are found in most wet environments. Open digestive system Closed circulatory system Reproduce both asexually (fragmentation) and sexually (hermaphrodites) Range in size from under 1 mm to over 3 m! Leeches and Earthworms are the more known members.

Phylum Arthropoda ‘jointed feet’ Segmented body with appendages coming from at least one segment. Dorsal heart and ventral nervous system. Hard exoskeleton made up of chitin to protect against drying out. Largest Animal phylum (80% of the known species on Earth!) Common to all environments Open circulatory system Respiratory system depends on their environment (gills, book lungs, tracheae and spiracles). Sexual reproduction for the most part.

Classes of Arthropods Class Arachnidia (Spiders, Scorpions and Mites) Class Crustacea (Lobsters, Crabs, Shrimp, Barnacles)

Classes of Arthropods Class Merostoma (Horseshoe Crabs) Class Myriopoda (Millipedes and Centipedes)

Class Insecta and 2 of its Orders Order Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies) Order Diptera (Flies, Mosquitoes, Gnats and Midges)

Phylum Mollusca ‘thin shelled’ Found in both marine and freshwater environments Filter feeders Have a shell or modified shell Open digestive system Open circulatory system except for Class Cephalopoda Use gills/lungs to breathe Can be small (micromollusks) to extremely large (Colossal Squid)

Classes of Molluscs Class Cephalopodia (Octopus, Squid, Nautilus and Cuttlefish) Class Bivalvia (Clams, Mussels, Oysters and Scallops)

Classes of Molluscs Class Gastropoda (Snails and Slugs) This Colossal Squid is freaking me out!

Phylum Echinodermata ‘spiny skin’ Marine species Adults are radially symmetrical. Mouth and anus may change places in some developing adults! Open digestive system. Possess a unique water vascular system that is used in gas exchange, feeding and locomotion. External fertilizers in sexually reproduction Can regenerate Starfish, Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Cucumbers, Feather Stars…

End of the Invertebrates

Phylum Chordata There are four subphyla in the phylum Chordata A) Urochordata Contain the organisms known as tunicates or sea squirts. Thick-walled, short organisms that live on the ocean floor. B) Cephalochordata Lancelets, which are small marine animals that look like a surgical knife and are only a few cm long. Lie buried beneath muddy sediments. **** IMPORTANT**** These two subphylum are considered to be part of the chordates because at some point in their life history they had: i) a dorsal nerve cord from which nerves branch out to all parts of the body ii) a notochord, or rod of cartilage, which runs across the dorsal surface of the body iii)gill slits, which for terrestrial animals, are present in the embryo

Phylum Chordata C) Agnantha Literally means ‘without jaw’ Contains species of jawless fish They are very mobile and ferocious predators Examples are the hagfish and lamprey D) Gnathostomata Contain jaws The majority of the organisms that we think about when we say the term ‘animal’ are from this subphylum

Gnathostomata Classes Class Condricthyes (Sharks and Rays) Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)

Gnathostomata Classes Class Amphibia (Amphibians: frogs, toads, newts and salamanders) Class Reptilia (Reptiles: Alligators, Crocodiles, Tuataras, Snakes, Lizards, Turtles and Tortoises)

Class Aves (Birds) Order Falconiformes (Birds of Prey like Hawks, Kites, Eagles, Falcons, Osprey…) Order Strigiformes (Owls)

Class Aves Order Piciformes (Woodpeckers, Toucans, Honey Guides…) Order Passeriformes (Perching Birds)

Class Mammalia Order Carnivora (Carnivores: cats, dogs, weasels, seals, etc…) Order Rodentia (Rodents: rats, mice, beavers, squirrels, etc…)

Class Mammalia Order Artiodactyla (Even-toed Ungulates: moose, hippo, goat, camel, warthog, giraffes…) Order Chiroptera (Bats)

Class Mammalia Order Insectivora (moles, shrews, hedgehogs, things that eat insects that don’t fit in anywhere else!) Order Marsupialia (Marsupials: kangaroo, wallaby, koala, sugar glider…)

Class Mammalia Order Primates (Apes, Humans, Lemurs and Monkeys) Order Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Class Mammalia Order Edentata (armadillos, sloths, anteaters) Order Perissodactyla (Odd-Toed Ungulates: Rhino, Tapir, Zebra, Horses…)

Class Mammalia Order Proboscidea (Elephants) Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas…)