4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt1 Argon Refrigeration Supply Purity

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt2 Argon Refrigeration Heat load summary LN circulation LN supply

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt3 Heat Load Summary Tank heat load 0.05%/day47kW Flash during filling, assuming 5 psig supply 6kW Vapor displaced during filling1.5 kW Total with 1.25 factor68 kW

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt4 LN Supply Perspective Flare Usage 34 tons/day Fermilab usage 45 to 78 tons/day CHL liquefier 100 ton/day 12 trucks or 5 railcars per week LN cost at Fermilab $62/ton 2002 budget price for 100 ton/day liquefier $2.9 million

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt5 Nitrogen Circulation Argon condensers inside tank Nitrogen storage Condensers inside tank to minimize argon handling Redundant pumps, heat exchangers, etc. Nothing extraordinary Needs further development to improve cost estimate Present estimate $460k

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt6 LN Supply Tasks Five liquefier vendors contacted recently Failures –Power failures –Mechanical breakdowns –LN leak inside detector tank –Supply interruptions Detector Tank loses 25 tons argon/day without cooling Zero backflow vent system needed

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt7 Argon Supply Praxiar quotation in January 2004 $37 million, truck delivery, ~1ppm RR cars would be less expensive Oxygen concentration is negotiable, 1ppm is proven without extraordinary effort Could use multiple suppliers

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt8 Argon Receiving Procedure proven at Dzero, NWA and E706 –Connect to truck –Test carefully, accept or reject –Testing includes oxygen concentration, electron lifetime, possibly other tests Pump through purifier into intermediate tank Test and pump into detector tank

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt9 Receiving Further Development Failure scenarios –Adding contaminated delivery to main tank –Spill during connection Further development –Piping Schematic –Instrumentation requirements –Estimated time to connect and test

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt10 Sources of impurity Argon Supply Surfaces –Tank shell –Cable insulation –Other material Leaks and permeation –Mechanical seals Dead volumes

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt11 Argon Purifiers Purifying equipment would probably run for the life of the project as well as during filling ICARUS used Messer Oxisorb, proprietary regeneration Air Liquide offers a packaged liquid purifier, $400k. Regeneration would consume $800k of argon during filling. Possibly can recover most of it. Praxair offers gas purifier for $600k Earnhart(Trigon) offers regenerable adsorbent All of these should be evaluated further

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt12 High Purity Specifications Rough tank purging –High capacity intermediate system? –Further purging? –High purity system with high regeneration? Specification for leak testing Specification for tank surfaces, tank cleaning, procedures during detector construction, cable insulation Specification for all argon handling equipment and piping Further development needed

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt13 Purification Testing Testing is needed to prove high purity can be achieved without evacuation and with reasonable fabrication requirements Outgassing in vacuum has been studied, but how is the rate affected by an Argon atmosphere or temperature? Testing can be done on a reasonable scale

4/5/2005FLARE Cryogenics, RLSchmitt14 Effort estimates Purity issues, a man-year of process engineering, plus technician and drafting support M&S budget to avoid re-inventing parts that are commercially available, $100k Refrigeration and Supply, two man-months of engineering to improve cost estimate