WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 7.4 CELLULAR TRANSPORT -process of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport -effect of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on a cell -how large particles enter and exit the cell

MAIN IDEA: -cellular transport moves substances in and out of a cell 7.4 READING Q’s MAIN IDEA: -cellular transport moves substances in and out of a cell

7.4 READING Q’s 2-DEFINE the meaning of each root word- 1-EXPLAIN the basic function of the transport protein in facilitated diffusion. -molecules pass through the transport protein to MOVE from area of HIGH concentration to area of LOW concentration 2-DEFINE the meaning of each root word- -ISO: _______________ -HYPER: _______________ -HYPO: _______________   EQUAL / SAME MORE / HIGH LESS / LOW

7.4 READING Q’s 3-EXPLAIN why is the cell at equilibrium in an isotonic solution?  -concentration in its cytoplasm is the same as the concentration in the outside environment. 4-ANALYZE why does water move into a cell placed in a hypotonic solution? -There is MORE water OUTSIDE a cell than inside

7.4 READING Q’s 5-IDENTIFY the cell structure through which substances pass as they leave the cell during exocytosis. -PLASMA MEMBRANE

COOPERATIVE GROUP: GUIDED NOTES -As a GROUP complete the guided note using your knowledge from the reading.

COOPERATIVE LEARNING LAB GROUP(3-5 students) -working TOGETHER as a cooperative group to COMPLETE TASK -EVERY TEAM MEMBER has a job and participates EQUALLY 1-READ THROUGH EACH TASK (silently or together) 2-DISCUSS (use POSITIVE communication) 3-ANSWER AND MARK THE TEXT 4-MOVE ON (only when ALL team members understand) QUESTIONS ?’s -each other CLARIFICATION -Asking Mrs. Paepke for clarification NOT answers. FYI -discussion within COLORED group ONLY

Movement across the Cell Membrane 7.4 CELLULAR TRANSPORT Movement across the Cell Membrane

 VOCABULARY WRITE the correct vocabulary term in the left column for each definition below: 1-process by which plasma membrane surrounds a substance outside the cell - moves it inside the cell -____________________ 2-movement of substances from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration -_____________________ 3-net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles to an area of few particles ENDOCYTOSIS ACTIVE TRANSPORT DIFFUSION

 VOCABULARY 4-process by which plasma membrane surrounds a substance inside the cell - moves it outside the cell -_____________________ 5-diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane 6-transport that uses transport proteins to move ions & small molecules across the plasma membrane 7-condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change in concentration EXOCYTOSIS OSMOSIS FACILITATED DIFFUSION DYNAMIC EQUALIBRIUM

 DIFFUSION movement from high  low concentration -net movement of particles from area where there are MANY particles of substance to area where there are FEWER particles of the substances movement from high  low concentration Movement from high concentration of that substance to low concentration of that substance.

 DIFFUSION -particles of solids, liquids, gases in constant motion -random motion where particles move to areas that are less crowded (less concentrated) -HIGH concentration  LOW concentration -like flowing DOWNHILL /requires NO ENERGY REPHRASE the process of diffusion in your own words- - PROVIDE an example of diffusion-

MODEL diffusion

concentration temperature pressure  DIFFUSION EXPLAIN: rate of diffusion -how fast or slow particles diffuse—move LIST 3 characteristics that affect the rate of diffusion [in boxes below] CIRCLE the arrow that shows if the rate speeds up / slows down: concentration temperature pressure

DIFFUSION across plasma membrane MOST molecules cannot diffuse across membrane -FACILITATED DIFFUSION -use TRANSPORT PROTEINS CHANNEL proteins -open & close to allow substances to diffuse across plasma membrane CARRIER proteins -change shape to help move particles thru plasma membrane

 OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER WATER can diffuse across the plasma membrane movement of water

 OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER COMPLETE the table by  checking the correct columns for each description: DESCRIPTION ISO HYPO HYPER 1-solution that has the same osmotic concentration as a cell’s cytoplasm   2-solution that causes a cell to shrivel 3-solution that causes a cell to swell 4-solution that neither shrinks nor swells a cell 5-solution in which there is more water outside the cell than inside the cell 6-solution that causes water to move out of a cell

CONCENTRATION OF WATER -Direction of osmosis is determined by comparing total solute concentrations Hypertonic - MORE solute, LESS water Hypotonic - LESS solute, MORE water Isotonic - EQUAL solute, EQUAL water hypotonic hypertonic water net movement of water

OSMOSIS: managing water balance Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & loss Cell SWELLS when placed in HYPOTONIC solution Cell shows NO CHANGE when placed in ISOTONIC solution Cell SHRIVELS when placed in HYPERTONIC solution

 OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER EXPLAIN dynamic equilibrium & how it relates to the movement of water in & out of cells: concentration balances movement continues = equal in both directions  =   NO overall change

 OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER SUMMARIZE the relationship between water & the plasma membrane by completing the concept chart Flow of water helps CREATE & MAINTAIN homeostasis Water flows from HIGH to LOW concentration OSMOSIS is diffusion of water across plasma membrane Water moves IN & OUT of the cell HOMEOSTASIS is regulation of cell’s internal environment

CLASSIFY/SUMMARIZE the 5 ways particles move through the membrane.  TRANSPORT SUMMARY CLASSIFY/SUMMARIZE the 5 ways particles move through the membrane. NO ENERGY / HIGH LOW / osmosis ENERGY / LOW HIGH

PASSIVE TRANSPORT DIFFUSION/ OSMOSIS -high  low concentration gradient FACILITATED TRANSPORT -through a protein channel

FACILITATED DIFFUSION -Diffusion through PROTEIN CHANNELS -channels move specific molecules across cell membrane -NO ENERGY needed facilitated = with help open channel = fast transport high low Donuts! Each transport protein is specific as to the substances that it will translocate (move). For example, the glucose transport protein in the liver will carry glucose from the blood to the cytoplasm, but not fructose, its structural isomer. Some transport proteins have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane -- simply provide corridors allowing a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane. These channel proteins allow fast transport. For example, water channel proteins, aquaporins, facilitate massive amounts of diffusion. “The Bouncer”

ACTIVE TRANSPORT Active transport -diffusion against concentration gradient -low  high -uses a protein pump -requires ENERGY  ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ATP

ACTIVE TRANSPORT “The Doorman” -Cells may need to move molecules against concentration gradient -shape change transports solute from one side of membrane to other -protein “pump” -“costs” energy = ATP low high Some transport proteins do not provide channels but appear to actually translocate the solute-binding site and solute across the membrane as the protein changes shape. These shape changes could be triggered by the binding and release of the transported molecule. This is model for active transport. ATP “The Doorman”

SODIUM/POTASSIUM PUMP SEE WEBSITE

Many models & mechanisms ACTIVE TRANSPORT Many models & mechanisms ATP ATP Plants: nitrate & phosphate pumps in roots. Why? Nitrate for amino acids Phosphate for DNA & membranes Not coincidentally these are the main constituents of fertilizer Supplying these nutrients to plants Replenishing the soil since plants are depleting it antiport symport

facilitated diffusion TRANSPORT SUMMARY simple diffusion facilitated diffusion ATP active transport

ENDOCYTOSIS / EXOCYTOSIS -Moving large molecules into & out of cell -through vesicles & vacuoles ENDOCYTOSIS -phagocytosis (cellular drinking) -pinocytosis (cellular eating) EXOCYTOSIS

ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS -Transports particles too large to move thru pm ENDOCYTOSIS: cell engulfs materials with a portion of cell’s membrane & releases the contents into cell requires ENERGY FOOD MOLECULES EXOCYTOSIS: membrane surrounds materials in cell, attaches to membrane, expels material to surrounding environment requires ENERGY WASTE PRODUCTS ATP ATP

Exocytosis Endocytosis Exocytosis (molecules “exit” the cell.) Ex: Waste products Endocytosis (substances “enter” the cell). Ex: Food molecules

ENDOCYTOSIS “cellular eating” fuse with lysosome for digestion phagocytosis “cellular drinking” non-specific process pinocytosis

EXOCYTOSIS

CONNECT 1-diffusion -walking through entryway with streamers 2-facilitated diffusion -taking escalator 3-active transport -entering subway gate with ticket 4-exocytosis -taking out garbage 5-endocytosis -receiving shipping

WEBSITE VIDEOS SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassium_pump_works.html http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120068/bio02.swf::Endocytosis%20and%20Exocytosis