Enzymes Protein structures that lower activation energy.

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Presentation transcript:

Enzymes Protein structures that lower activation energy

Enzyme names Ends in –ase Based on reaction catalyzed Ex: hydrolysis of amylose – enzyme amylase

Spontaneity - S

Catabolism vs. Anabolism

Factors that change the rate of chemical reactions Changing pH Agitation Increase temperature Removing product Enzymes: ideal because highly efficient and specific

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Enzyme models Fischer’s “lock and key” Jenk’s “strain” Koshland’s “induced fit” All three = modern induced fit theory of enzymes

Induced fit model

Inactive until regulated

Inhibition Inhibitor = chemical similar in shape and size to substrate Competitive vs. Noncompetitive

Allosteric inhibition

Regulatory molecule

Cofactors metal ions activator coenzymes (vitamins) prosthetic groups

Optimal conditions for enzymes Temperature pH Saline concentration Etc.