three dimensional quality What is Form in Art? illusion that objects, whether sculpted, drawn, painted or printed are solid, not flat. sense of volume and mass

Example of actual form in 3 D art Sculptor: Bruce Armstrong Title: Bete Noir (black beast) Medium: carved wood Date: 2007

Example of illusion of form in 2 D art Painter: John Brack Title: Self Portrait Medium: oil on canvas Date: 1955

It’s all about light & shade A silhouette looks flat. It seems this shape of the bird could be a cut out sheet of black paper.

It’s all about light & shade A drawn object can seem solid......if the artist uses tonal modelling.

We see form because of the way light falls on an object.

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Use shading to create the illusion of form. Artist: Honor Bradbeer Title: Adieu Media: ink on heavy weight paper

Create different effects with different media: pencil - cross hatching charcoal – smudging Biro – scribble watercolour – washes conte crayon Textas acrylic paint

Shading with pencil Example using 4B and 6 B pencil

Shading with pencil Student example from Ken Schwab’s class

Layered strokes of coloured pencil Tonal modelling with coloured pencils is another challenge. Shading with coloured pencils

A drawing of a cylinder will seem more solid if lines sweep across the shape. Notes that the lines are curved to match the elipses at top and base of the form.

Smudging with charcoal Example using charcoal

Apply charcoal to paper Use fingers to smudge

Draw and smudge with pastels similar feel to charcoal, with a great colour range

Build up layers of strokes in different colours of pastel.

Pastels are sometimes used for pavement art. This one is a good example of tonal modelling, using colour.

Oil Pastels Apply in firm strokes to preserve bright colours. Smudge for smooth tonal graduation. You may find oil pastels are soft and crude compared with dry pastels which are chalky and easier to control.

Oil Pastels used over an acrylic paint ground Artist: Louise Bova Title: Kaleidoscope Cat Media: oil pastel and acrylic paint on paper

Use a sharp pencil or biro to cross hatch

Cross hatching using biro

Artist: Suzanne Bales Title: Deb’s Dog Medium: biro on paper

Artist: Suzanne Bales Title 1: Toy Fox Title 2: Mean Fox Medium: biro on paper

Using Textas with water Washy effects can be created by applying water with a brush or sponge to water based Textas.

Add other media to Textas

Coloured pencil over Texta Biro over Texta

Using watercolours Watercolours come in tubes, palettes and pencil form. Add water to lighten.

Keep pencil lines light Add more water to lighten colour. To darken colour, wait for paper to dry and reapply paint with a soft brush.

Great for washy effects! The effect of light comes through transparent watercolour on white paper.

Resist watercolour wash over wax or oil pastel

Watercolour or ink cannot penetrate where waxy medium has been applied to the paper. Colours of oil pastel do not blend with watercolour. Good for texture and colour contrast.

Artist: Martin Hughes Title: Fruit wax and watercolour Wax resist using clear wax instead of oil pastel.

Acrylic painting Acrylic paints are like watercolour in that they are water soluble. Unlike watercolour, acrylic paint is an opaque medium. Achieve painterly effects with acrylic paint, without the hassle of waiting for oil paint to dry.

Acrylic painting Mix colour with white to create tints (pinks in this case). Mix colour with grey to create tones. Mix colour with black to create shades.

Acrylic painting #1

Acrylic painting #2

Acrylic painting #3

Acrylic painting #4

Acrylic painting #5

f Notice how many colours can be mixed using white, red and black only.

Acrylic painting Artist: Jason Brockert Title : Small Still Life Medium: acrylic on paper

More examples of form in painting

Artist: Jeffrey Smart Title : Portrait of David Malouf Medium: oil and acrylic on canvas Date:

Artist: Margaret Olley Title : Still life Medium: oil on board Date:

Artist: James Willebrant Title : Road to Happiness Medium: acrylic on canvas Date: