1 Spanish Missions

2 SPANISH CONTROL OF THE TEXAS BORDERLANDS To control the Texas borderlands the Spanish built 4 types of settlements: 1.missions – religious communities 2.presidios – military bases 3.towns – small villages with farmers and merchants 4.ranchos – or ranches

3 Missions Developed in response to other countries beginning to settle in the United States. Developed in response to other countries beginning to settle in the United States. The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, to spread Christianity, and to represent Spanish government. The Spanish established these missions to protect its borders, to spread Christianity, and to represent Spanish government. The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply. The Spanish built missions near rivers to ensure a good water supply. Missions included churches, indian quarters dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens. Missions included churches, indian quarters dormitories, workrooms, barns, fields, and gardens. Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to farm. Missionaries taught the Indians about Catholicism, and taught them how to farm.

4Missions To protect these missions, presidios were established. A presidio is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for protecting several missions. To protect these missions, presidios were established. A presidio is a military base. Soldiers in these bases were generally responsible for protecting several missions. Settlers homes were built near missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso. Settlers homes were built near missions, so that they would be well protected. This led to the formation of towns, for example, San Antonio and El Paso. Spaniards lived near missions on ranchos, and raised cattle. Spaniards lived near missions on ranchos, and raised cattle.

5Missions

6Missions

7Missions In 1682, the Spanish built the first mission in Texas, just east of present-day El Paso. This mission was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta. In 1682, the Spanish built the first mission in Texas, just east of present-day El Paso. This mission was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.

8 Spanish Settlements on the Frontier Represent Spanish govern- ment there Convert American Indians there to Catholicism Develop settlements there To control the borderlands Mission System Goal Four types of Spanish settlements missions, presidios, towns, ranchos

9 THE FRENCH Wanted to gain a port for the fur trade Wanted to gain a port for the fur trade To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empire To gain a claim to Texas and challenge Spain’s empire Expedition ended in disaster Expedition ended in disaster

10 La Salle 1682 La Salle claimed the area around the Mississippi River for France 1682 La Salle claimed the area around the Mississippi River for France Led an expedition in 1684 to establish a settlement near the Mississippi River Led an expedition in 1684 to establish a settlement near the Mississippi River

11 La Salle Difficult journey to Louisiana Difficult journey to Louisiana Pirates captured one ship Pirates captured one ship Miss the mouth of the Mississippi River Miss the mouth of the Mississippi River Landed in Matagorda Bay in Texas Landed in Matagorda Bay in Texas Move inland and built Ft. St. Louis Move inland and built Ft. St. Louis La Salle started looking around for supplies and found the Rio Grande La Salle started looking around for supplies and found the Rio Grande

12 Ft. St. Louis Moved inland & built settlement Moved inland & built settlement Struggled to Survive Struggled to Survive Many died Many died Burned by the Karankawas Burned by the Karankawas Realized he missed the Mississippi when he found the Rio Grande Realized he missed the Mississippi when he found the Rio Grande When heading back to Canada was murdered by his own soldiers. When heading back to Canada was murdered by his own soldiers. Blamed for the failure of the settlement Blamed for the failure of the settlement La Salle

13 EFFECT OF THE LA SALLE EXPEDITION Gave France a strong claim to Texas Gave France a strong claim to Texas 2 nd Flag to fly over Texas (French) 2 nd Flag to fly over Texas (French) Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. St. Louis Spain sent expeditions to find Ft. St. Louis Spain built missions in East Texas to protect their claim to the land Spain built missions in East Texas to protect their claim to the land

14 Spanish in East Texas In 1689, a Spanish governor named Alonso De Leon led another expedition. In 1689, a Spanish governor named Alonso De Leon led another expedition. A Spanish priest named Father Damian Massanet, accompanied him. A Spanish priest named Father Damian Massanet, accompanied him. In early 1690, these two men, along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called San Francisco de los Tejas. In early 1690, these two men, along with about 100 soldiers, built the first mission in East Texas. It was called San Francisco de los Tejas. In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico. In 1693, after three years of hardships, including drought, disease, and the Indians unwillingness to learn Christianity, the Spaniards burned the mission to the ground and fled to back to Mexico.

15 FAILURE OF SPANISH MISSIONS IN EAST TEXAS Location too remote Location too remote Floods, droughts, disease Floods, droughts, disease Internal conflicts Internal conflicts Indians not interested in religious instruction Indians not interested in religious instruction

16 Checkpoint! 1. 1.Who were the two explorers that searched for the abandoned Ft. St. Louis? 2. 2.What was the Spanish reaction to learning that France was interested in East Texas?

17 SAN ANTONIO RIVER AREA Midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande settlement Midpoint between the East Texas missions and the Rio Grande settlement Mild climate and location by a river Mild climate and location by a river Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and settlements Became the site of the most successful Texas missions and settlements

18 WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS Led to the Chicken War, which caused Spain to abandon East Texas Led to the Chicken War, which caused Spain to abandon East Texas Re-established Spanish control of the region Re-established Spanish control of the region Separated control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas Separated control of French Louisiana and Spanish Texas

19 WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN AFFECTS TEXAS (continued) Chicken War – conflict between French and Spanish in Texas where the French attacked Mission San Miguel de Linares de los Adaes

20 Spanish Return to Texas France and Spain decide to work together for the missions in East Texas France and Spain decide to work together for the missions in East Texas Spain wants to spread Christianity Spain wants to spread Christianity France wants to trade with the Indians France wants to trade with the Indians Spain builds 6 new missions Spain builds 6 new missions

21 Problems with Spanish Missions Missions were over 500 miles away from Spanish settlements Missions were over 500 miles away from Spanish settlements Apaches and Comanches raided the supplies wagons Apaches and Comanches raided the supplies wagons Difficult to get supplies to Difficult to get supplies to

22 How to solve the problems Built missions on the San Antonio River as a mid way point Built missions on the San Antonio River as a mid way point Missions included: De Bexar and Alamo Missions included: De Bexar and Alamo Built El Camino Reel- only road going from the East missions to Mexico Built El Camino Reel- only road going from the East missions to Mexico

23 Successful missions: Successful missions: 1. San Antonio 2. Nacogdoches 3. Los Adaes 4. Goliad Other missions failed because: Other missions failed because: 1. disease 2. Indian attacks 3. crop failure- hunger

24 Life in Missions

25 MISSIONS AND PRESIDIOS Centered around work and worship Centered around work and worship Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little food Life was harsh, uncomfortable dwellings, little food Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficult Life for soldiers was dangerous and difficult

26 Life in a Missions The day started at dawn with religious services. The day started at dawn with religious services. Indians’ workday began under the direction of the priests Indians’ workday began under the direction of the priests The day ended with prayers and dinner The day ended with prayers and dinner This process hardly ever worked, because the Indians refused to let go of their old traditions

27 Life in a Mission Men tended crops, while the women made pottery, cared for the livestock, wove cloth, and cooked. Men tended crops, while the women made pottery, cared for the livestock, wove cloth, and cooked. The dwellings were uncomfortable. The dwellings were uncomfortable. People sometimes went hungry. People sometimes went hungry.

28 Life in a Presidios Missions were most likely to succeed, if they had a presidio nearby. Missions were most likely to succeed, if they had a presidio nearby. These military outposts were generally made of adobe, stone, and timber. These military outposts were generally made of adobe, stone, and timber. They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building. They had a chapel, barracks for soldiers, storage rooms, and a headquarters building. The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged. The soldiers were not paid very much, and their uniforms were often dirty and ragged.

29 LIFE IN SPANISH SETTLEMENTS Diverse populations Diverse populations Consisted of homes, government buildings and stores Consisted of homes, government buildings and stores Economy based on farming and ranching Economy based on farming and ranching

30 The economy of the settlements was mostly based on farming and ranching. The cattle business helped San Antonio and other towns grow. The cattle business helped San Antonio and other towns grow. Vaqueros, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling. Vaqueros, or cowboys, worked on ranches near the settlements. They were well known for their skills at horse riding and cattle handling.

31 SPANISH CULTURE AND TEXAS TODAY Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and celebrations Spanish heritage present in Texas architecture and celebrations Apparent in music and food Apparent in music and food Spanish influence seen in place-names, towns, or rivers Spanish influence seen in place-names, towns, or rivers Some Spanish missions are still active churches. Some Spanish missions are still active churches. They laid out the first Texas roads. They laid out the first Texas roads.

32 Examples of Spanish Influence in Texas Life in Spanish Texas culture (architecture, art, food, language, music) legal traditions cattle ranching traditions and terms routes of first Texas roads Catholic heritage and missions many Spanish place-names