IN WEST VIRGINIA AND AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY GENDER STATUS

GENDER IN WEST VIRGINIA OVERVIEW OF EDUCATION, ECONOMY AND HEALTH IN WV

WEST VIRGINIA RANKED 51ST OUT OF THE 50 STATES AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR ITS PROPORTION OF WOMEN WITH A FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE DEGREE. THE PROPORTION OF WOMEN WHO HOLD A BACHELOR’S DEGREE OR HIGHER INCREASED FROM 11 PERCENT IN 1990 TO 18 PERCENT IN (IWPR, 2013) OVERVIEW: EDUCATION

 In 2010, 56% of women in WV had a high school diploma or less.  Women with some college or an associate’s degree earn $10,500 less than men with only a high school diploma.  Women with a bachelor’s degree or higher earn $2,500 less than men with only some college or an associate’s degree. (Hess, Hegewisch, & Williams, 2013)

OVERVIEW: ECONOMIC  Women earn on average $29,000/yr. working full- time  Women nationally earn on average $36,000/yr.  Men in WV earn on average $42,000.  The wage gap in WV is the highest in the country  Women earn 31 cents less for every dollar a man earns  In 2011, the unemployment rate for women was 6.9% in WV.  The national rate was 8.5%.  Unemployment rate for African American women in WV was 22.4%, while it was 6.4% for white women.

OVERVIEW: ECONOMIC  Women are less likely to be in the labor force than women in any other state.  WV has high disability rates, which significantly contributes to the relatively low number of women and men in the workforce.  15.2% of women and 17% of men are unable to work due to a health problem or disability.  21% of single women with children live at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty line receive assistance from TANF and West Virginia Works.  Nationally, 16% of comparable families receive assistance. Hess, Hegewisch, & Williams, 2013

OVERVIEW: HEALTH West Virginia  21% of WV women do not have insurance.  The birthrate for teens (15- 18) is 44.8 per  12% of the population has diabetes in WV. National  19% of women lack insurance.  National birthrate is 34.2 per  Nationally, 9% have diabetes.

OVERVIEW: HEALTH  12% of the population in WV live in an area that has a shortage of primary care physicians.  From , WV experienced a 214% increase in the number of prescription drug overdoses.  Women had lower mortality rates for lung and bronchial cancer than men in WV, but had considerably higher rates of mortality when compared to women in the rest of the U.S.  WV has the highest obesity rate in the nation.  65.8% of women and 72.1% of men.

OVERVIEW OF STUDENTS, CAMPUS LIFE, AND FACULTY GENDER AT WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY

GENDER & STUDENTS

WVU STUDENT PROFILE  Fall 2013 main campus enrollment is 29,466  22,757 undergraduate  5,077 graduate  1,632 professional students  Fall 2013 WVU System enrollment is 32,348  Students come from 113 nations, every US state (and D.C.), and all 55 West Virginia counties  49% of students are West Virginia residents  51% of students are nonresidents (WVU, 2014)

PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES HAVE AN AVERAGE MALE-FEMALE RATIO OF ACCORDING TO FORBES (BORZELLECA, 2012),

WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY HAS A MALE- FEMALE RATIO OF ACCORDING TO US NEWS & WORLD REPORT (2014), 54-46

ADMISSION STATISTICS  Total Applicants:15,815  Male Applicants:8,315  Female Applicants:7,500  Total Acceptances:13,415  Male Acceptances: 6,985  Female Acceptances: 6,430  Acceptance Rate:85% (Niche, 2014)

GENDER & CAMPUS LIFE

BIG 12 SCHOOLS: WOMEN’S & LGBT CENTERS AND POLICIES

RAPE ON COLLEGE CAMPUS  20 to 25 percent of college women experience rape or attempted rape  Fewer than 1 in 20 completed and attempted rapes against college women are reported  9.6 percent of women in a survey of black colleges reported being sexually assaulted  Between 80 and 90% of sexual assaults at colleges involve acquaintances, not strangers  Only 10 to 25 percent of male college rapists were expelled  Students who live in sorority houses are more likely to be raped than off- campus students  Nearly 3 in 5 completed campus rapes happen where the victim lives  More than a third of college rapes happen on campus  Nearly three-quarters of college female rape victims were intoxicated  9 in 10 rapes on college campuses are perpetrated by serial rapists  Freshmen and sophomores face the most sexual assault (Gustafson, 2013)

RAPE In West Virginia “...more than one out of every nine adult women, or about 85,000 adult women in West Virginia, has been the victim of forcible rape sometime in her lifetime.” (Ruggiero and Kilpatrick, 2003) Sexual Assault Statistics- WVU (West Virginia University, 2012) Academic Year Total # of Reported Sexual Assaults

GENDER & Faculty

 Average salary for female faculty members compared to male faculty members  In  81 percent  In  81 percent (Mason, 2011) Wage Gap GENDER EQUALITY IN ACADEMIA?

BABY GAP  Women with children are 38 percent less likely than men with children to achieve tenure.  Women are twice as likely as men with children to work in part-time or nontenure-track positions.  Among tenured professors, only 44 percent of women are married with children, compared with 77 percent of men.  Women who achieve tenure are more than twice as likely as men to be single 12 years after earning a Ph.D.  Women who are married when they begin their faculty careers are much more likely than men in the same position to divorce or separate from their spouses. (Mason, 2011)

STATUS OF WOMEN AT WVU- FACULTY Tenure Status for instructors & Researchers at the West Virginia University by Gender  Native American  Men 44% Women 56%  Asian  Men 65% Women 35%  African American  Men 52% Women 48%  Hispanic  Men 70% Women 30% (Career Index, n.d.) Full Time Faculty Minorities at West Virginia University by Gender  Tenured  Men 77% Women 23%  On Tenure Track  Men 52% Women 48%  Not On Tenure Track  Men 36% Women 64%

References Associated Press (2011, April 26). In a first, women surpass men in college degrees. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from a-first-women-surpass-men-in-college-degrees/ a-first-women-surpass-men-in-college-degrees/ Borzelleca, D. (2012, February 16). The Male-Female Ratio in College. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from college/ college/ Career Index (n.d.). West Virginia University. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from Chalabi, M. (2014, April 8). Some Data For Equal Pay Day. Retrieved April 9, 2014, from day/ day/ Gonzalez, L., Allum, J., & Sowell, R. (2013). Graduate enrollment and degrees: Retrieved from Council of Graduate Schools website:

Gustafson, D. (2013, October 29). By the numbers: Sex crimes on campus. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from tonight-blog/2013/10/28/by-the-numbers-sexcrimesoncampus.html tonight-blog/2013/10/28/by-the-numbers-sexcrimesoncampus.html Hess, C., Hegewisch, A., & Williams, C. (2013). The status of women and girls in West Virginia. Retrieved from Institute for Women's Policy Research website: Media/Documents/PDF/Newsletters/FINAL-WV-report-revised-3-6.pdf Media/Documents/PDF/Newsletters/FINAL-WV-report-revised-3-6.pdf Hill, C., Corbett, C., & St. Rose, A. (2010). Why So Few?: Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Retrieved from The American Association of University Women (AAUW) website: engineering-and-mathematics/ engineering-and-mathematics/ Institute for Women's Policy Research (2013, April 5). Women in West Virginia Face Large Wage Gap, Disproportionate Poverty. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from face-large-wage-gap-disproportionate-povertyhttp:// face-large-wage-gap-disproportionate-poverty

Mallory, C., Liebowitz, S., & Hasenbush, A. (2013). Employment Discrimin ation Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in West Virginia. Retrieved from The Williams Institute website: content/uploads/WestVirginiaNDReport-Dec-2013.pdf content/uploads/WestVirginiaNDReport-Dec-2013.pdf Mason, M. (2011, March 9). The Pyramid Problem. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from Neuhauser, A. (2014, March 26). Study: Women Heavily Discriminated Against in Math Hiring. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from women-heavily-discriminated-against-in-math-hiring women-heavily-discriminated-against-in-math-hiring Niche (2014). West Virginia University - Statistics. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from Texas Christian University (2014). TCU Women's Studies. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from

The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW) (2014, April 8). This Equal Pay Day, We Still Strive for Equal Pay for Equal Work. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from equal-pay-for-equal-work/ equal-pay-for-equal-work/ US News & World Report (2014). West Virginia University. Retrieved April 18, 2014, from virginia-university virginia-university-3827 West Virginia University (2012, June 8). Sexual Assault Statistics. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from West Virginia University (2014, April 16). WVU Facts. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from