Catalyst – September , 2010 Monday Mystery Element! 1. It is an Alkali Metal. 2. According to theory, it was one of the original elements created during the Big Bang. 3. Can be useful as a mood- stabilizing drug.

Catalyst – Semptember , 2010 Monday Mystery Element! 1. It is an Alkali Metal. 2. According to theory, it was one of the original elements created during the Big Bang. 3. Can be useful as a mood- stabilizing drug. LITHIUM

Today’s Agenda  Catalyst  New Groups  Quick Atom Review  Intro to Periodic Table Project  Periodic Table Basics  Project Work Time  Exit Question

This Week’s Schedule (9/13-9/17)  Monday: Periodic Table Basics, Start Group Project  Tuesday: Bohr Models, Group Work Time  Wednesday: Electron Configuration, Group Work Time  Thursday: Graphing, Periodic Trends, Group Work Time  Friday: Guest Speaker Jabreel Walker

Next Week’s Schedule (9/20-9/24)  Monday: NO SCHOOL – Parent Conference Night  Tuesday: Library Work Day  Individual/Group Work Time  Wednesday: Unit 2 Review  Thursday: Unit 2 Test  Friday: Project Due, Start Unit 3!

Today’s Objectives  SWBAT describe/identify the main regions and families of the periodic table.  SWBAT begin their group project!

Front DoorProjector 3rd Period Group 3 Ebony, Waynell, Quanetta, Warren Group 5 Alessandro, Bao, Kara Group 1 Chicobi, Tashelle, Jamie, Sara Group 6 Kendell, Jasmine, Corey, Kiedra Group 2 Melvin, Paula, Amber, Tigler Group 4 Brandon, Ariel, Shawn

Front DoorProjector 4th Period Group 3 Infinity, Jytte, Lyndon, Jeremy Group 2 Khallid, Shannon, Rodrea, Daniel Group 1 Jon, Sam, Josh’shawn, Kourtney Group 6 Kentrell, Eddie, Nia, Artrel Group 5 Lester, Dwanyetta, Rachel, Aaron Group 4 Brittany, Chelsie, Troy, Kourtney Group 9 Group 8 Stephanie, Kim, Roniece, Caleb Group 7 Kim, Lizzeh, Jaron, Rachel

Major Playas of Atomic Theory Democritus ( B.C.) John Dalton (1808) J.J. Thomson (1897) Ernest Rutherford (1909) Niels Bohr (1913) Schrodinger (1924)

What were Democritus’ ideas? Matter is composed of tiny particles called atomos Different kinds of particles have different sizes and shapes Particles move through empty space

Democritus’ Big Contribution? First ideas about the atom! Named them!

Dalton’s Big Contribution? First real theory about the atom!

Thomson’s Big Contribution? Atoms ARE divisible! Discovered the electron!

Rutherford’s Big Contribution? Discovered the nucleus and the proton!

Bohr’s Big Contribution? First to talk about where electrons hang out in the atom – ORBITS!

Schrodinger  Instead of orbits, Schrodinger said that electrons hang out in orbitals  Orbitals are like rooms that electrons are probably in at a given moment  This final Model is called the Quantum Model Hooray!

Schrodinger’s Big Contribution? No to orbits! YES to ORBITALS! (also where electrons hang out)

Subatomic Particles Subatomic Particle LocationRelative MassRelative Charge Protons Neutrons Electrons NUCLEUS OUTSIDE NUCLEUS 1 amu 1/1840 amu (virtually zero!) 1+ NEUTRAL 1- Relative means compared to others

Atomic Number pREVIEW of the Periodic Table Element Symbol Atomic Mass

Atomic Math: Words to Live By 1. The atomic number of an atom is the same as the number of ___________________. 2. The number of electrons is equal to the number of _______________(in a neutral atom). 3. Atomic mass is equal to the number of _________________ plus the number of _________________. PROTONS NEUTRONS

Atomic Math Basics  How to find # protons?  Look at PT  Atomic Number  How to find # electrons?  # Protons = # Electrons  How to find # neutrons?  # Neutrons = Atomic Mass - # Protons  How to find atomic mass?  Atomic Mass = # Protons + # Neutrons

The Periodic Table Key Point #1: The periodic table organizes the elements into many different groups based on physical and chemical properties.  We will learn about the major ways to group the elements – by…  Family  Metals/metalloids/nonmetals  Valence Electrons  Atomic size  Electronegativity

What does PERIODIC mean? Key Point #2: Periodic means that there is some kind of pattern.  In the Periodic Table, there are numerous patterns  What about in regular life? How could you group the following items in different ways?

The Evolution of the Periodic Table  Just like atomic theory, the Periodic Table also has a long history  In the late 1790s, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier compiled a list of elements known at that time - only 23!  In the 1800s, scientists began discovering a ton of elements - up to 70!

Evolution Continued New elements meant new data! Scientists needed a way to organize everything!

John Newlands (1860s)  Arranged the Periodic Table by increasing ATOMIC MASS  Noticed patterns based on physical and chemical properties - repeated every 8th element  Law of Octaves

Newland’s Periodic Table Law of Octaves

Mendeleev (1869)  A rranged elements by increasing ATOMIC MASS into columns based on chemical and physical properties  Left spaces for undiscovered elements  First to publish table

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table EMPTY SPACES!

Mosely (1913)  Arranged elements by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER  Some of Mendeleev’s elements in the wrong order  Periodic Law

Our Periodic Table – Thanks to Mosely

Periodic Law  Periodic Law is the statement that there is a periodic (patterned) repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged in increasing atomic number

Periodic Table Review 1. Why is the periodic table called the “periodic” table? 2. How did Newlands organize the periodic table? 3. Who published the first periodic table? 4. Who developed periodic law?

Basic Terms to Know Write these in your notes to remember!  Period – horizontal rows on periodic table  Family/Group – vertical rows on periodic table

Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

Major Families Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Halogens Noble Gases Lanthanides Actininides H BeBCNOF He Ce Th

Alkali Metals Alkali metals are very reactive – even with water! Sodium + Water  EXPLOSION!EXPLOSION

Alkaline Earth Metals  Alkaline Earth metals are also very reactive  Shiny solids that are harder than Alkali metals  Alkaline Earth Metal Spotlight: CALCIUM  Calcium is essential for human life, especially in maintaining bones and teeth  Found widely in nature combined with oxygen  Abrasives in toothpaste and emery boards  Magnesium Demo!

Boron’s Group  Gallium is a silver metal that literally melts in your hand! Don’t try this yourself!

Carbon’s Group  Carbon is one of the most important elements on Earth!  There is a whole branch of chemistry dedicated to studying carbon – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY!  If you are a science major in college, you will most likely take Organic  Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth!  Use in computer chips and solar cells  Found in quartz, sand, and glass

Nitrogen’s Group  Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids!  Nitrogen, which you breathe, can form some of the most explosive compounds known to man  Arsenic is a toxic substance that was used to treat some illnesses back in the day  Bismuth is used in fire sprinklers

Oxygen’s Group  Oxygen  We must breathe oxygen to survive…so it’s pretty important  Reacts with some of the noble gases  Sulfur  Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten egg  Selenium  Used in solar panels because it can convert light into energy

 Fluorine (really fluoride) is added to toothpaste  Chlorine gas is a deathly green gas that was first used as a form of chemical WARFARE in WWII Halogens (Fluorine’s Group)

Noble Gases (Helium’s Group)  Noble gases do not react with other elements very often – they are already “happy”  They can be called “inert” because they don’t react  Neon is used in neon lights  Helium Voice! Helium Voice

Transition Metals  Conduct electricity  Can form different ions (We’ll learn more about ions later!)  Many found in nature – found all over the world (map on page 200)  Uses  Found in alloys, wires, plastics, etc.  Your body needs trace (small) amounts many of them

Group Work Time: Family Research  Pick your group’s family  Start researching info about your family  Chapter 7 in your book contains information about each family

Exit Question 1. Why is the periodic table called the “periodic” table? 2. What is your group’s family? List two characteristics of elements in your group’s family. HOMEWORK: PT BASICS WORKSHEET