Anatomy of cardiovascular system BMS 231: 2015/2016 DR SOBIA IKRAM DR AQEELA BANO DR SADIA FARHAN

Table of Contents Objectives for this lesson Function of the Cardiovascular system and the Blood Vessels involved . Location , coverings, walls and Layers of the Heart. External and Internal Anatomy of Heart chambers and heart valves. Coronary circulation and Conducting system of the heart. Anatomy of Aorta , arterial and Venous Drainage of the heart.

Objectives When you finish this lesson, you should be able to Describe the Functions of the Cardiovascular system and the blood Vessels involved. Identify the Location, coverings , walls and Layers of the heart. Understand the External and Internal Anatomy of the Heart and its Valves. Explain the conducting system and the coronary circulation of the heart. Understand the Anatomy of Aorta, arterial and Venous Drainage of the heart.

The function of the cardiovascular system is Deliver oxygen and nutrients Remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

The Cardiovascular System A closed system of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body

Arteries are the vessels that take the blood away from the heart. BLOOD VESSELS Arteries are the vessels that take the blood away from the heart. Veins are thinner walled vessels compared to arteries. They move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues. Capillaries are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells. What are smaller branches of arteries called? (arterioles) What are small veins that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart called? (venules)

BLOOD VESSELS Point out the discrete layers of each vessel. Compare and contrast the substructures of each type of vessel. Why is the muscle layer in an artery thicker than that of a vein?

Heart Anatomy Location of heart Posterior to sternum Anterior to vertebral column Medial to lungs Base lies beneath 2nd rib Apex lies in 5th intercostal space Lies upon diaphram

Location of the Heart

The Heart: Coverings Pericardium – a double layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart. 1. Visceral pericardium Next to heart 2. Parietal pericardium Outer layer Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium is called pericardial fluid

Pericardium

The Heart Wall Three layers Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium Outside layer This layer is the visceral pericardium Myocardium Middle layer Mostly cardiac muscle Endocardium Inner layer

Heart Anatomy of heart layers

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS) There are four chambers of the heart Two atrias - right and left atrium. Two ventricles - right and left ventricles

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS) ATRIA small, thin-walled chambers Functions Receives blood RIGHT ATRIUM Receives blood from Superior and Inferior Vena Cava LEFT ATRIUM Receives blood from Pulmonary Veins

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS) VENTRICLES make up most of the mass of the heart the walls of the left ventricle are 3 times thicker than those of the right ventricle

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS) VENTRICLES Function Pushes the blood to the body and lungs RIGHT VENTRICLE Pushes the blood to lungs by right and left pulmonary arteries. LEFT VENTRICLE Pushes the blood to the body through aorta.

Heart Anatomy (Valves) HEART VALVES The valves help the blood to flow in one direction The valves open and close in response to differences in blood pressure on their two sides

Heart Anatomy (Valves) ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES LIES BETWEEN ATRIA AND VENTRICLES Tricuspid Valve (right side) Mitral Valve (left side)

Heart Anatomy(Valves) SEMILUNAR VALVES located between the ventricles and the large arteries Pulmonary Valve (right side) Aortic Valve (left side)

Location of Heart Valves

Heart Anatomy(Valves)

Coronary circulation Anterior view

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEART

Conduction system of heart The heart is controlled by the ANS – it increases/decreases contraction, but it does NOT initiate it. The heart has its own regulating system = conduction system The conduction system is composed of specialized muscle tissue that generates action potentials within cardiac tissue

CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART

ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF HEART 1. SA NODE Located in the right atrial wall 2. AV NODE Located in the interatrial septum

ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM 3. AV BUNDLE Located at the interventricular septum 4. BUNDLE BRANCHES Located below the AV bundle 5. CONDUCTION MYOFIBERS (Purkinje Fibers) Located in the ventricular myocardium

CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART

CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

http://highered. mcgraw-hill http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__conducting_system_of_the_heart.html

ANATOMY OF AORTA

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE BODY

Major Arteries of the Upper and lower limb

Veins of the Upper and lower limb

SUMMARY of our Circulatory System Lungs Body cells the right side of the system deals with deoxygenated blood. the left side of the system deals with oxygenated blood.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQd73stLZl8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI6yXy3u2sI