Communications Systems for Vehicle Infrastructure Integration and Corresponding Applications June 5, 2007 ITS America Annual Meeting Program Session 23 Presented by Justin McNew x175

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 2 Agenda Introduction Enhanced safety through VII Wireless system requirements for safety applications How 5.9 GHz DSRC supports cooperative safety systems and VII Non-Safety applications Standards

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 3 Introduction Wireless communications has and continues to enable a wide variety of transportation safety applications Further proliferation of wireless interfaces will lead to the development of enhanced cooperative safety systems In the United States, the US DOT, State DOTs and industry stakeholders are developing Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) applications to support cooperative vehicle safety and traffic mobility

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 4 Current and Future Cooperative Safety Existing cooperative safety systems focus on what vehicles can do without data input from infrastructure or other vehicles –E.g. Airbags, radar-based applications –Passive safety (after the fact) VII systems will take advantage of wireless communications to facilitate the use of data available from intersections or other vehicles –Active safety, e.g. Cooperative intersection (infrastructure-assisted) collision avoidance –Often requires precise location (GPS and/or Galileo- based)

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 5 Enhancing Safety Through VII Vehicle-Infrastructure communications enables information-rich safety applications (e.g. using status information from intersection traffic signals) Vehicle-vehicle communications enables safety applications in the absence of a roadway communications infrastructure (e.g. brake lights) *Figure courtesy of DaimlerChrysler REDNA

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 6 Representative VII Safety Applications and Positioning Requirements *Table: GPS World October 2006/ DaimlerChrysler REDNA

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 7 Wireless Technology Survey Cellular/WAN –Charges based on minutes of use WiMAX/MAN –Not designed to provide QoS specific to vehicle safety Traditional WiFi –Unlicensed band competition from traditional hotspots Bluetooth/UWB –Limited range 900 MHz and 5.8 GHz DSRC –Capacity limited Satellite –Line-of sight limitations 5.9 GHz DSRC…

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 8 What is 5.9 GHz DSRC? 5.9 GHz DSRC is a secure wireless interface used to support cooperative safety and other VII applications –High speed, short range wireless interface between vehicles and surface transportation infrastructure Enables the rapid communication of vehicle data and other content between On Board Equipment (OBE) and Road Side Equipment (RSE) Supports both inter-vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communications –Operates in a licensed frequency band in the US FCC Report & Order – Feb (75 MHz of spectrum) –Based on IEEE and IEEE 1609 in the US

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 9 Wireless Requirements for Advanced Cooperative Safety and VII Fast Network Acquisition Low Latency High Reliability Priority for Safety Applications Interoperability Security 5.9 GHz DSRC meets all of these requirements

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 10 Network Acquisition Collision Avoidance Applications Require the Rapid Initialization of a Communications Network –Short-range vehicular communications are very transient due to the mobile nature of the environment –Most existing protocols require a significant amount of time to “acquire the network” E.g. Cellular/WAN and traditional wireless LANs can take up to ten seconds or more –5.9 GHz DSRC protocols are streamlined to provide nearly immediate acquisition of DSRC communications Network acquisition in less that one-tenth of a second (100 milliseconds)

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 11 Latency and Reliability Transactions must be completed quickly –Vehicles may be within range of other vehicles or RSE for a very short time Transactions are time critical and must complete in the shortest amount of time possible (on the order of 100 milliseconds) –5.9 GHz DSRC provides broadband data rates and optimized channel access for the vehicular environment Licensed spectrum provides protection not available in unlicensed bands –Spectral crowding and interference can be prevented through licensing and frequency coordination to increase reliability –Almost exclusive access to the 5.9 GHz band by safety applications

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 12 Priority and Interoperability Cooperative safety applications require prioritization of services –5.9 GHz DSRC protocols allow for preferential treatment of safety applications through specific quality of service mechanisms Interoperability –Desire to apply safety and other transportation applications in a common manner across different states, public safety organizations, vehicle makes & models, and content providers Use of standardized 5.9 GHz DSRC is a significant factor in the deployment of interoperable systems and applications

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 13 Security Wireless interfaces that enable VII applications must be secured/tamper proof –5.9 GHz DSRC uses ECC for signing, encrypting and authenticating messages

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 14 Non-Time Critical Non-Safety and Applications Probe data, map downloads, payment systems (other than electronic tolling) –5.9 GHz DSRC and VII can be used in conjunction with several other types of wireless interfaces and networks to support navigation and other traffic management and infotainment applications Less time-critical applications can use 5.9 GHz DSRC when it is available to provide maximum performance –5.9 GHz DSRC will not provide ubiquitous service coverage –When 5.9 GHz DSRC is available it provides a high- performance alternative to other networks without the complex subscriber management

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage GHz DSRC Standards IEEE : WAVE Resource Manager –Defines Resource Manager Application Based on legacy electronic toll collection systems IEEE : 5.9 GHz Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Radio Service Security –Defines 5.9 GHz DSRC Security (formerly IEEE 1556) Anonymity, Authenticity and Confidentiality IEEE : WAVE Networking Services –Provides description and management of the DSRC Protocol Stack Application interfaces Network configuration management WAVE Short Message (WSM) transmission and reception

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage GHz DSRC Standards (cont’d) IEEE : WAVE Multi-Channel Operation –Provides DSRC frequency band coordination and management Manages Lower Layer usage of the seven DSRC channels Integrates tightly with IEEE p IEEE p: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) –Defines the Lower Layers of the communications stack Radio wave forms and wireless medium access procedures

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage GHz DSRC Standards Status IEEE 1609 Standards are published for Trial Use –Subsequent revisions will be made based on results of proof of concept testing and other findings – is being formed to address overall architecture IEEE p is also progressing –Subject to the broader approval and rules of the IEEE LAN/MAN subcommittee –Recent ballot (early this month) yielded 66% approval Getting closer 75% required to pass

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 18 VII/5.9 GHz DSRC Products Standards compliant infrastructure (RSE) installations in five or more states by the end of 2007 to support various state/local and federal projects Solutions being provided for several company research test beds Vehicular systems being integrated by Auto OEMs – DSRC radios, firmware and software now available

June 5, 2007ITS America Annual MeetingPage 19 Thank You !