OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINSTRATION This is a branch of the US Department of Labor, responsible for protecting the health and safety of workers in private and some public facilities

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Blood and body fluids from ALL patients must be treated as though potentially infectious Introduced by the CDC (Center of Disease Control) in 1983 Mandated under OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard

RECOMMEDED FOR STUDENT PROTECTION Educate regarding exposure and means of protection Provision of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) Provisions for Hepatitis B Vaccine

What is Bloodborne Pathogens Organisms that cause bloodborne disease may be transmitted by blood or other body fluids from an infected individual to another person Most significant in the Health Care area Hepatitis B and C HIV Others, syphilis, malaria

Personal Protective Equipment Appropriate only if it does not allow blood or other fluids pass through. This means by any means, clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth etc. Under normal conditions

EXAMPLES OF PPE Gloves, gown, mask, eye wear, respirator

OTHER MEANS OF PROTECTION FDA approved Antiseptics ( CHG, Alcohols, Iodophors Avoid hand to face contact Cover specimen lids, open away from self Coughing patients should turn head Don’t eat, drink, apply makeup or handle contact lens in the work area Separate employee food and drink form specimens

Observe the Biohazard Sign

Task that should have a label Specimens Laundry bags Contaminated equipment Refrigerators with specimens in it Containers used to transport blood products or specimens Extracted teeth Sharps container

Task where exposure could happen Wound care Personal care Suctioning a patient Catheter care IM/Sub Q or IV CPR Emergency first aid Surgery Post Mortem/Morgue Care Others------

OUR CONCERNS Modes of Transmission Vaginal, Oral, Anal sex Sharing needles (drugs) Contaminated blood products Sharing personal care items (razor, toothbrushes etc) Tattoos, body piercing, acupuncture with infected equipment Neonatal infections during child birth Skin, eye, mucous membrane, parenteral contact Breast milk

Fluids that apply Blood Semen Vaginal Secretions Unfixed Tissue Contaminated organs Other body fluids that you cannot differentiate between NOT Salvia

HIV Human Immunodefiencey Virus The virus that CAUSES AIDS (explain the difference) S/SUnexplained persistent fatigue Unexplained fever, night sweats or shaking Chills lasting several weeks Lymphedema Anorexia Dry cough that’s persistent Leukoplakia

HBV and HCV Fatigue Anorexia (loss of appetite) Weight loss Low grade temp Aching muscles and joint pain Stomach pain Diarrhea Jaundice of skin and sclera Dark colored urine Light colored stool

HEPATITIS B VACCINE For immunization, must have all 3 injections given over 4-6 month period time Given in deltoid, IM Side Effects; soreness at site, bruising, redness at site, flu like symptoms. (headache, nausea, vomiting)

DISINFECTANT Cleans surface or equipment. Most effective and least expensive, 10% Bleach or Clorox Must be mixed every day