Causes of WWI (The Great War)

Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “Fall of the Eagles”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers (Triple Entente): Central Powers (Triple Alliance): Central Powers (Triple Alliance):

The Major Players: Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

1. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

2. Alliances

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism= Extreme dedication and loyalty to one’s country 4. Aggressive Nationalism= Extreme dedication and loyalty to one’s country

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 After the Balkan wars of , Balkans are the “Powder Keg” of Europe. All they needed was a spark…. After the Balkan wars of , Balkans are the “Powder Keg” of Europe. All they needed was a spark….

The “ Spark ”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

The Domino Effect  (1) A-H Empire issues an ultimatum to allow Austria forces to investigate and stop anti-Austrian activities  (2) Serbia refuses ultimatum, Austria- Hungary declares war  (3) Russia mobilizes army to defend Serbia  (4) Germany declares war on Russia

The Domino Effect (5) France declares war on Germany  (6) Germany invades Belgium to attack France  (7) Britain declares war on Germany  Text p. 846

Europe in 1914

Who’s To Blame?

The Schlieffen Plan

German Atrocities in Belgium

Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

Recruitment Posters

A Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

New French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

John-nie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, on the run, on the run, Hear them call-ing you and me, ev'-ry son of lib-er-ty Hur-ry right a-way, no de-lay, go to-day Make your Dad-dy glad to have had such a lad, Tell your sweet-heart not to pine, to be proud her boy's in line O-ver there, o-ver there, send the word, send the word, o-ver there, That the Yanks are com-ing, the Yanks are com-ing, The drums rum-tum-ming ev'-ry where So pre-pare, say a prayer, send the word, send the word to be-ware We'll be o-ver, we're com-ing o-ver, And we won't come back 'til it's o-ver O-ver There! John-nie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, John-nie show the Hun you're a son of a gun Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yan-kee Doo-dle do or die Pack your lit-tle kit, show your grit, do your bit Yan-kees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks Make your moth-er proud of you and the old Red White and Blue O-ver there, o-ver there, send the word, send the word, o-ver there, That the Yanks are com-ing, the Yanks are com-ing, The drums rum-tum-ming ev'-ry where So pre-pare, say a prayer, send the word, send the word to be-ware We'll be o-ver, we're com-ing o-ver, And we won't come back 'til it's o-ver O-ver There!

1.Can you describe the setting, precipitating events, and alliances that were formed? 2.Who declared war and in what order? 3.What was the Schleiffin Plan? 4.Who was the Arch Duke Ferdinand and why did Aust-Hung. Declare war on Serbia?

Posters: Wartime Propaganda

Australian Poster

American Poster

Financing the War

German Poster

What is the purpose of propoganda? Why is it used?

The Western Front: Trench Warfare

A Multi-Front War

The Western Front

Trench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

Australians Occupying German Trench

The Stench  Rotting carcasses lay around in their thousands. For example, approximately 200,000 men were killed on the Somme battlefields, many of which lay in shallow graves.  Overflowing latrines would similarly give off a most offensive stench.  Men who had not been afforded the luxury of a bath in weeks or months would offer the pervading odor of dried sweat. The feet were generally accepted to give off the worst odor.  Trenches would also smell of creosol or chloride of lime, used to stave off the constant threat of disease and infection.  Add to this the smell of cordite, the lingering odor of poison gas, rotting sandbags, stagnant mud, cigarette smoke and cooking food... yet men grew used to it, while it thoroughly overcame first-time visitors to the front.

Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is HELL !!

Poison gas strikes the skin

Sacrifices in War

Click Esc. And continue for next two slides (One and Aftermath)

Aftermath Poem

The Eastern Front

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,

T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles,

The Tsar with General Brusilov

Women and the War Effort

Financing the War

For Recruitment

Munitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

Working in the Fields

A Woman Ambulance Driver

Red Cross Nurses

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Russian Women Soldiers

Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

 In your notebook- what benefits did women gain during WWI?

The “ Colonial ” Fronts

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

B. Pretend you are a colonist in Africa as you study the map on p. 852 How might you feel if you were drafted into a war for the “mother country”? Would it be in your best interest to fight? Ghandi:”If we improve our status with the help and cooperation of the British…we will stand with them during their hour of need”

The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

French Renault Tank

Tanks  Used invention of internal combustion engine  Early tanks very unreliable – pushed into service before fully developed  British hoped they would end stalemate on Western Front  Advantages of tank – could travel over muddy land and cut through barbed wire

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

Poison Gas Machine Gun

WWI Weapons Machine guns, grenades, <---mortars, chlorine gas

British Tank at Ypres

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

The Zeppelin

Armenian Massacre in Turkey

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Turkish Genocide of Armenians ( ) Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197, Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800

America Joins the Allies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

Americans in the Trenches

“ Art ” of World War I

“A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 20,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 20,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

Spanish Flu strain- world-wide

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

Over 9,000,000 dead Paste in Children’s Crusade

nothing escaped the war...

british

austrian

french

canadian

american

russian

british

german

austrian

french and german

german

russian

italian

french

german

“In death there is not much distinction, friend or foe are treated alike”

Who is he? Does it even matter?

Germany-A-H Surrender

Armistice Day November 11, 1918

Before After

Before After

Who will pay? Who to blame? Never again?