1. The Road to World War I

2. Colonial Rivalries: Africa in 1914

3. Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914

4. The British Empire in 1914

5. The Balkans in 1878

6. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914
Three Emperors’ League (1873)  Ger, A-H, Rus.
Dual Alliance (1879)  Ger. & A-H
Triple Alliance (1882) Ger, A-H, It.
Reinsurance Treaty (1887)  restore relations between Ger. & Rus.
Franco-Russian Alliance (1894)
British-Japanese Alliance (1902)
The Entente Cordiale (1904)  Br. & Fr.

7. Tensions & Conflicts: 1873-1914
First Moroccan Crisis (1905)
Russo-Japanese War (1905)
The Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)  Persia
Triple Entente (1907)  Br, Fr, Rus
The Bosnian Crisis of 1908
Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)
The First Balkan War (1912)
The Second Balkan War (1913)

8. The Balkan Wars:

9. Europe in 1914

10. The Balkans in 1914

11. : The World at War

12. Underlying Causes of the War

13. 1. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:

14. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

15. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Major Players:
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

16. Europe in 1914

17. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
2. Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

19. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

20. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

21. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

22. Davies

23. The “Spark”

24. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

25. The Assassination: Sarajevo

26. The Assassin:
Gavrilo Princip

27. Who’s To Blame?

28. The Schlieffen Plan

29. Women and the War Effort

30. Financing the War

31. For Recruitment

32. Munitions Workers

33. French Women Factory Workers

34. Working in the Fields

35. A Woman Ambulance Driver

36. Red Cross Nurses

37. Women in the Army Auxiliary

38. Russian Women Soldiers

39. Spies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!

40. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

41. Australian Poster

42. American Poster

43. Financing the War

44. German Poster
Think of Your Children!

45. The Western Front: “War of Attrition”

46. A Multi-Front War

47. The Western Front

48. Trench Warfare

49. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

50. Verdun – February, 1916 Each side had 500,000 casualties.
German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.

51. The Somme – July, 1916 Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

52. War Is HELL !!

53. Sacrifices in War

54. The Eastern Front

55. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

56. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

57. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

58. America Joins the Allies

59. The Sinking of the Lusitania

60. The Zimmerman Telegram

61. Americans in the Trenches

62. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

63. French Renault Tank

64. British Tank at Ypres

65. U-Boats

66. “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

67. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

68. The Zeppelin

69. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

70. Poison Gas
Machine Gun

71. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

72. Effects of WWI

73. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

74. 9,000,000 Dead

75. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

76. World War I Casualties

77. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

78. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800

79. Territorial Changes
As a Result of
World War I

80. WW 1 Secret Treaties: Sykes-Picot Agreement [1916]

81. Balfour Declaration [1917]
Foreign Office
November 2nd, 1917
Dear Lord Rothschild.
I have much pleasure to convey to you, on behalf of His Majesty’s Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations {hopes} which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.
“His Majesty’s Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate {assist} the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.”
I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.
Yours sincerely,
ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR
British Foreign Secretary 81

82. British Palestine Mandate in 1923

83. The Middle East in the 1920s

84. League of Nations Mandates in Africa

85. New Nations &Territories After WW I

86. “Art” of World War I

87. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

88. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

89. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

90. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918