O PERANT C ONDITIONING Skinner and Mice. C LASSICAL C ONDITIONING V S O PERANT C ONDITIONING Actions that are AUTOMATIC responses to a stimulus Behavior.

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Presentation transcript:

O PERANT C ONDITIONING Skinner and Mice

C LASSICAL C ONDITIONING V S O PERANT C ONDITIONING Actions that are AUTOMATIC responses to a stimulus Behavior that operates on the environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli Respondent Behavior Operant Behavior

O PERANT C ONDITIONING A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

T HORNDIKE ’ S L AW OF E FFECT When a behavior is rewarded, it continues and when a behavior is punished, it discontinues

B.F. S KINNER Behaviorist Skinner Box Lever for food - Recorded for Accumulated Responses Pigeons – Mice

R EINFORCER Any event that strengthens – increases the frequency of - a preceding response Reinforcers Can be Tangible Praise or Attention Activity

T YPES OF R EINFORCERS Primary Reinforcers Unlearned Examples – Secondary Reinforcers Learned Examples Immediate Examples Delayed Examples

F OUR P OSSIBLE C ONSEQUENCES Something Good can start or be presented; Something Good can end or be taken away; Something Bad can start or be presented; Something Bad can end or be taken away. Which is punishment?

Reinforcement (behavior increases) Punishment (behavior decreases) Positive (something added) Negative (something removed)

Reinforcement (behavior increases) Punishment (behavior decreases) Positive (something added) Positive Reinforcement: Something added increases behavior Negative (something removed)

Reinforcement (behavior increases) Punishment (behavior decreases) Positive (something added) Positive Reinforcement: Something added increases behavior Positive Punishment Something added decreases behavior Negative (something removed)

Reinforcement (behavior increases) Punishment (behavior decreases) Positive (something added) Positive Reinforcement: Something added increases behavior Positive Punishment Something added decreases behavior Negative (something removed) Negative Reinforcement Something removed increases behavior

Reinforcement (behavior increases) Punishment (behavior decreases) Positive (something added) Positive Reinforcement: Something added increases behavior Positive Punishment Something added decreases behavior Negative (something removed) Negative Reinforcement Something removed increases behavior Negative Punishment Something removed decreases behavior

N EGATIVES OF USING PUNISHMENT Punished behavior is suppressed not forgotten Punishment teaches discrimination Punishment can teach fear Physical punishment may increase aggression

S KINNER ’ S E XPERIMENTS R EINFORCEMENT S CHEDULES /

S KINNER ’ S E XPERIMENTS R EINFORCEMENT S CHEDULES