Chapter 5 pages 83-101 Building the City of God: Holiness in the Wilderness,Leadership in the World

Cp.5 Vocabulary for pages 83-88 Please read pages 83-88. Take notes on important events/people. Answer the review questions in your notebook on page88 Monasticism Holiness Antony of Egypt Thomas Merton Contemplation Basil Jerome Latin Vulgate

*Cp. 5 Concept A.* Monasticism.4th C. > people began “retreating” from the everyday world in order to pursue holiness. Antony of Egypt (Desert) sought out as a teacher and wise adviser Basil developed a rule to guide monastic life Jerome translated the Bible into Latin the common language of most people in the West. Known as the Latin Vulgate

A word about Monasticism To come to God through Christ To pursue holiness A life of prayer, fasting and doing good works 2 types of Monasticism: Eremitical>solitary Cenobitical>community

A word about Monasticism Monks(men) and Nuns(women) take 3 vows Poverty Chastity Obedience Who is the Monk or Nun’s role model? Where do we look to see the 3 vows lived out in perfection?

A word about Monasticism Just as an athlete “gives up” or renounces certain things to perfect his/her skill so do “God’s Athletes” give up or renounce certain things to help them focus on their relationship with God.

A word about Monasticism Poverty, Chastity, Obedience help the Monk or Nun keep their focus on God Remember> We are all called to a life of holiness and are called to practice in our lives Poverty, Chastity, Obedience.

A word about Monasticism Asceticism=practicing strict self-denial as a means of religious discipline For the Monk or Nun: Poverty= giving up any personal ownership of things.

A word about Monasticism Chastity = giving up spouse and family Obedience= giving up personal will for the will of God.

A word about Monasticism For Us: Poverty= to be in a rightful relationship with the material world. Taking care of what we have Sharing with others Thinking before we buy

A word about Monasticism Chastity= To be in a rightful relationship with the people in our lives. Being pure in what we say and what we do. Being faithful to our spouse

A word about Monasticism Obedience=being obedient to the rightful authorities in our lives. God Parents, law enforcement, teachers, employers, etc. Writing: How in your life do you try to live out Poverty, Chastity and Obedience?

Concept B: The Legacy of Ambrose and Augustine Bishops Ambrose and Augustine help guide the church define its role in the world. Ambrose>required Roman emperors to conform to the church and he inspired Augustine to become a Christian.

Ambrose Governor of Milan People did not want an Arian as their bishop so they rioted Ambrose quiets the riot and the people start shouting “Ambrose for bishop!”

More on Ambrose Ambrose hides but he people find him and he agrees to be their bishop Ambrose was a scholar, and an excellent pastor Ambrose sold gold and jewels given to his church so he could ransom people help captive by the barbarian Goths.

Ambrose Stands Up to Power He would NOT turn over the church in Milan to the Arians even though the emperor wanted him to! The people of Milan supported Ambrose and packed into the church 24/7 so it couldn’t be taken over.

Ambrose Stands Up to Power The emperor backs down! “The emperor is IN the Church, not OVER the church; and far from refusing the Church's help, a good emperor seeks it.”

Ambrose Stands Up to Power Ambrose demands that emperor Theodosius do public penance for his order to kill several thousand people(they were spared) The church becomes a force to be reckoned with for now even the emperors obey it.

Ambrose Question Ambrose stood up to the Emperor and guided him away from heresy. Write an imaginary dialogue between yourself and someone powerful you wish you could speak to. What is the issue at hand? What do you want the person to do, or stop doing, why?

Augustine Background North African Dad=Roman officer.pagan Mom=Monica>Christian Good student Leaves school at 16.No $$ for Tuition Lives a wild life Returns to school>lawyer at 18>teacher

Augustine In his search for meaning Augustine becomes a Manichaean Heresy! Believed that one god created good and another god created evil Therefore no one is responsible for his /her sins!

Augustine …later Augustine begins to believe in one God and that humans have a spiritual side Ambrose and Monica are a great help to Augustine in his search for meaning. Augustine converts to Christianity

Augustine Augustine writes The Confessions which is his autobiography. >>Augustine Question: Write about a turning point in your life, when you left behind one set of ideas, behaviors, or attitudes and took on a different set of behaviors, beliefs.

Heresies Augustine Fought Donatists: Apostasy can NOT be forgiven Any minister of the church who at one time denied Christ, even if they repented, ARE NOT forgiven! Therefore any sacrament they have given is INVALID!! This heresy is teaching that the validity of the sacrament depends on the holiness of the minister.

Augustine’s answer to the Donatists NO! The validity of a sacrament comes from GOD who works THROUGH imperfect human beings. The sacraments are actions of Christ and do not depend on the personal holiness of the minister to be valid.

Augustine Fights Another Heresy Pelagianism: Pelagians believed that people could get to heaven without the help pf God (grace). By our own hard work we are saved.

Augustine’s Answer to the Pelagians NO! We rely on and cooperate with the grace of God to help in our salvation. We can not do it all alone.

HORROR!!!!! The city of Rome falls to the Goths in 410 HOWISTHISPOSSIBLE????? People in shock Augustine writes The City of God Roman Empire= “City of Man” Church= “City of God’ The city of man will always fail but we are building the city of God!>love and service

Concept C: The Rising Influence of the Papacy Remember: Rome(the city) has fallen to the Goths in 410. All political attention is riveted on the East. That is where the emperor resides in the new capital city of Constantinople. This leaves Rome with not real leadership . The most qualified and stable institution to rule was the Church and the Bishop of Rome, that is the POPE!

Pope Leo I (the Great) Becomes pope in 440 Tough,intelligent and courageous The empire is under attack from barbarians The church is under attack from heresy.

Pope Leo I The papacy(the office of the pope) was seen as so important that Leo began to use the title: Pontifex Maximus. This title was used by Roman emperors to indicate their role as high priest in the Roman religion.

Pope Leo I Pontifex Maximus= “highest bridge builder”> the one who “makes the bridge” between the people and the Gods. The use of this title indicates Leo’s power,especially in the Western part of the Empire.

Pope Leo I Pope>father>affectionate term “papa” When Pope Leo I claims the title “pontifex maximus” for the papacy the role of the pope is seen not just as a spiritual father but NOW as a powerful state official

Pope as Peacemaker Attila the Hun Huns have swept into Italy and plan to take Rome. The emperor asks Leo to negotiate Alone and unarmed Leo meets Attila Attila turns back his troops! What do you think Leo said to Attila?

Leo and Heresy Some say Jesus isn’t human ( Gnostics) Some say Jesus isn’t divine(Arians) Leo calls the council of Chalcedon in 451 This council teaches that Jesus is both human and divine.

Dates You Know so Far in our Course…what happened? C..33AD___________________ C.50AD___________________ 313 AD___________________ 325 AD___________________ 380 AD___________________ 410 AD___________________ 440 AD___________________ 451 AD___________________ 476 AD___________________