Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Unit 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Objectives q Match important physical and chemical properties to their effects on the chemical and container q Identify the difference between exposure and contamination q Determine the appropriate DOT class of the product Unit 2.2  2

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Physical/Chemical Properties Physical q State q Phase changes q Vapor pressure q Specific gravity q Vapor density q Solubility Chemical q Flammability q Reactivity q Toxicity q Radioactivity Unit 2.2  3

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Common Info Sources q North American Emergency Response Guide Book (NAERG) q NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards q Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Unit 2.2  4

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Material Safety Data Sheets q Nine basic sections q Various designs q Some of better quality Unit 2.2  5

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Product Information Unit 2.2  6

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Hazardous Ingredients Unit 2.2  7

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Exposure Limits Unit 2.2  8 Duration (hrs) Amount TWA STEL Ceiling

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Physical Data Unit 2.2  9

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Video  Physical Properties Unit 2.2  10

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Vapor Pressure Unit 2.2  11 Atmospheric Pressure 14.7 p.s.i. or 760 mm/Hg Low Vapor PressureHigh Vapor Pressure

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Specific Gravity Unit 2.2  12 Specific Gravity greater than 1 Water = 1 Specific Gravity less than 1

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Physical Properties (cont.) q Vapor density q Comparison of the weight of a vapor to that of air being assigned the value of 1 q Solubility/miscibility q The ability of a substance (solute) to blend uniformly with another (solvent) q Solubility applied to a solid in liquid q Miscibility applied to a liquid or gas in a liquid Unit 2.2  13

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Spill Types q Physical properties determine spill types Unit 2.2  14 Air (A)Water (W)Surface (SF)Sub-Surface (SSF) Gas (G) Liquid (L) Solid (S) G/A L/WL/SFL/SSF S/SF Most Common Type s (Transformation must be considered)

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Fire and Explosion Hazards Unit

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program The Fire Triangle Unit 2.2  16 HEAT (Energy) FUEL (Reducing Agent) OXYGEN (Oxidizer)

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Flash Point q “The temperature at which a liquid or volatile solid gives off vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture near the surface…” (NFPA) q Remember, volatility is a product of vapor pressure Unit 2.2  17

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Flammable Range Unit 2.2  Range Lean Rich L.E.L.U.E.L.

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Examples of Flammable Range Unit 2.2  Acetylene % Propane %

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Other Flammable Hazards q Ignition temperature q Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVE) q Boil-over q Heavy fuels q Water in the bottom of the storage tank q Thermocline development during fire Unit 2.2  20

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Other Flammable Hazards q Pyrophoric q Hydrophoric q Flammable solids Unit 2.2  21

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Health Hazards Unit 2.2  22

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Health Hazards q Routes of exposure q Local vs. systemic effects q Dose response relationship q Influences of toxicity Unit 2.2  23

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Reactivity Hazards Unit 2.2  24

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program pH and Corrosives Unit 2.2  25 ACID BASE (ALKALINE)

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Reactions q Rate of reactions q Quantity, concentration, temperature and pressure q Explosives q Fuel, oxidizer, energy, pressure q Incompatibilities Unit 2.2  26

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program EPA Table of Incompatibilities Unit AB AcidsBases (Alkaline) MetalsCorrosives Group 1/Hydrophoric Reducers Oxidizers Cyanides/SulfidesAcids Alcohol/Water

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Video  Chemical Reactions Unit 2.2  28

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Spill, Leak and Fire Control Unit 2.2  29

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Personal Protective Equipment Unit 2.2  30

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Special Information q Special handling q Special packaging q Disposal procedures q Environmental information Unit 2.2  31

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Radioactive Hazards q Ionizing radiation q Common sources q Natural q Industrial q Medical q Agricultural q Special nuclear materials Unit 2.2  32

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Types of Ionizing Radiation q Alpha particle q Beta particle q Gamma emission q X-ray q Neutron particles Unit 2.2  33

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Radiological Exposure q Standard unit of measure q REM (Radiation Equivalence in Man) q Sv (Seivert) internationally 1 Sv = 100 REM q 1 REM = 1,000 mREM (milli REM) q 1 mREM = 1,000  REM (micro REM) Unit 2.2  34

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Exposure Limits q Dose vs. dose rate q Total dose = dose rate x duration q Action levels q Normal background = 8 to 16  R/hr q All actions = 5 REM (5,000 mREM) q Valuable/critical property = 10 REM (10,000 mREM) q Life saving = 25 REM (25,000 mREM) q Any greater exposure must be voluntary q TD (low) 100 REM, LD (50) 500 REM Unit 2.2  35

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Hazard Classes and Divisions 1  Explosives Mass detonation Projectile Fire hazard No blast hazard Blasting agent Very insensitive 2  Gases Flammable Non-flammable Poisonous 3  Flammable liquid Flash point over 140 °F Flash point less than 140 °F 4  Flammable solids Flammable solid Spontaneous/pyrophoric Dangerous when wet 5  Oxidizers Oxidizers Organic peroxides Unit 2.2  37

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Hazard Classes and Divisions 6  Poisons Poisons Infectious substances 7  Radioactive 8  Corrosives 9  Miscellaneous Unit 2.2  38

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Summary q Physical properties q Chemical properties q Common references q NAERG q NIOSH Pocket Guide q MSDS Unit 2.2  39

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Activity 2.2 Assessing Physical and Chemical Properties