SPONCH What is SPONCH?

SPONCH S= Sulfur P= Phosphorus O= Oxygen N= Nitrogen C= Carbon H= Hydrogen 6 most important elements to life

Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass

Element Simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler kind of matter

Periodic Table of Elements Organized table of elements discovered so far Organized according to atomic structure and chemical characteristics

Atoms and Atomic Structure Atoms are the simplest form of an element that keeps all the properties of the element

Model of the Atom Parts of the atom: –Protons (+), Neutrons and Electrons (-) –Nucleus: central core of the atom that contains Protons Neutrons –Electrons orbit the nucleus

Determining Atomic Structure Using the Periodic Table Atomic number = # of protons and is smaller number by the symbol Atomic mass number = # of protons + # of neutrons Assume for now that protons =electrons

Practice Element# protons# neutrons# electrons hydrogen101 helium carbon oxygen sodium chlorine argon sulfur

Practice Element# protons# neutrons# electrons hydrogen101 helium222 carbon666 oxygen888 sodium chlorine argon sulfur16

Types of Bonds COVALENT – strong bond between elements IONIC- attraction between elements due to opposite charges (weaker than covalent) HYDROGEN – weakest type of bond

Covalent Sharing of electrons to fill the valence shell Examples– methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

Ionic One element gains electrons becoming ____ The other element loses electrons becoming _____________ Opposites attract Ionic compounds Dissolve easily in water –EX. NaCl

Hydrogen bonds Caused by partial positive and negative charges Water is best example ﮦ - ﮦ +

How does salt dissolve in water? Na+ and Cl – Ions become attracted to the partial charges on water