Chapter 8 Human Population
Trends in Human Population Growth Section 1 Trends in Human Population Growth
Revolutions Agricultural Industrial 10,000 yrs ago Began in the mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution Sanitation No more throwing trash and waste in streets Washing of hands to reduce infections Medical Technology Mass produce medical equipment and medicines Changes in agriculture Large machinery Pesticides fertilizers
Result of Industrial Revolution Decreased infant mortality # of babies out of 1,000 that die during their first year of life Increased life expectancy Average # of years an individual is expected to live
Growth rate How a population changes in size during a specific period of time Slowed down and now declining slowly Environmental factors will ultimately limit growth Technology has allowed us to increase the carrying capacity
Demography Study of human population statistics Career option? Demographer Study human population size, population density, population distribution
Density More people found: Temperate and tropical Seacoasts and rivers Cities and suburbs
Clumped Distribution Leads to negative impacts on environment in certain areas and on certain bodies of water
Predicting Population Growth Section 2 Predicting Population Growth
Total Fertility Rate Average number of offspring a female member of a population has during her lifetime. Why have multiple children? Why not? More Survival Workers Take care of parents Not Most survive Governments help elderly Provide more for a smaller family
Replacement Fertility Total fertility rate that would keep a population stable If high death rate than this allows for a higher replacement fertility rate
Age Structure and Sex Ratio Helps demographers to predict how the population of a nation will change in years to come.
Demographic Transition Explains the change from high birthrates and death rates to a condition of low birthrates and death rates. Four stages: Pre-industrial stage Transitional stage Industrial stage Post-industrial stage
Demographic Transition Many parts of Europe, USA, Canada, and Japan all undergone this transition.
Social Factors Developing Nations Moderate or low income China, Mexico, Africa, South America, Indonesia, and eastern Europe High fertility rates, infant mortality rates, and death rates and life expectancy is lower Higher frequency of diseases due to lack of sanitation and education about health 82% of the world’s population live in developing nations as of 2009!
Social Factors Developed Nations High income U.S., Canada, western European nations, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and some Arab states
Educating Developing Nations ?