IISU Project N. de Beler
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct IISU Objective Improve identification of usable exits and passengers guidance Plan evacuation Launch evacuationGuide passengers Identify exits condition Sensors? Communication means? Procedures?
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct IISU Consorsium SFACT
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Work breakdown Requirements analysis Assistant tools Specification Technologies research Solution(s) proposition Experiment; IISU 2 in 2002 Non technical Solution(s) We are here
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Requirements analysis Previous studies CAA database Interviews Training centre visit JAR 4Evacuations typology 4Occupants tasks modelling
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Survivable events analysis (1) ( 256 of the 2426 accidents (about 10.5%) involved an evacuation Evacuation situations: 4Evacuation involving fire or smoke are the most frequent (53% of the 256 accidents). 4Approach or landing represent the phases of flight the most concerned with an evacuation (52% of the 256 accidents) Non-usability of the exits is related to: 3Difficulty/impossibility to open an exit 3Obstacle or fire or water behind the door 3Problem with the slides (problem of inflation, fire, split, etc…)
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Survivable events analysis (2) Temporal factor: Majority of evacuations are unplanned (no time to prepare cabin) Evacuation decision making process: critical phase Rule on the exits usability: CC role An exit can be usable only part of the time of the evacuation Communication problem : means failure, noise, impossibility to move Passengers pre-flight briefing: influences passengers’ behaviour Passengers guidance: 3Guidance towards an exit is a serious problem in case of smoke, 3Passengers dangerous behaviour due to panic 3Re-routing of passengers because of unusable exits 3Problem related to emergency equipment in case of ditching
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Tasks model
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Interest of a Hierarchical task model Make clear the goal of each activity Guide the need analysis 4Formalise the links between actors 4Stress the links between tasks 4Understand the information used 4Stress the influence of psychological and cultural factors Offer a synthetic view of the occupants activity ( Offer a framework to describe the results of evacuation reports analysis è Rich support to formalise the requirements taking account of the activity context
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct From the need analysis to the solution ( Decide Evacuation ( Understand situation ( Prepare evacuation ( Order evacuation ( Decide usable exits ( Guide passengers Tasks to be improved Related Requirements Solutions ( Data Access ( Data transmission ( Co ordination ( Passengers Briefing ( Guidance ( Procedures ( Training ( Emergency equipment CHECK CAMERA HEADSET SOUND SPYHOLE 4 Training 4 Procedures
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Identification of solutions CHECK : for CC, be informed about the usability of all exits, assist passengers guidance, improve flow management. CAMERA : Check external conditions, provide information on slide usability? HEADSET : Improve interaction between CC& FC members; be informed about the usability of another exit; know if a CC or FC is operational or not; improve flow management. SOUND : Assist the guidance of passengers mainly in deteriorated situation (smoke, baggage in the aisle) SPYHOLE : Improve external conditions checking (widened vision)
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct CHECK: CHeck Exit and Comunicate Knowledge At each main door: ( Display: overview of all exits usability ( 2 modes: usable ; non usable ( commands: 4By default, automatic usable status when slide inflated 4Manual command to input non usable / usable status CHECK
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Next step ( Finalise the « instruments » specification: 4impact on CC procedures, training 4impact on regulation ( Propose non technical solution replying to the requirements: change in CC procedure & training; FC and CC common training; Change in passengers briefing. Experiments on realistic simulator (Cranfield) => IISU 2
3tha/c Fire& Cabin Safety Research Oct Conclusion: 3 outcomes Identification of solutions that are « reasonable » in terms of implementation feasibility, cost and amount of change Benefits of the use of the tasks modelling methodology to analyse the needs : provide traceability. Identification of tasks that need further investigations 4evacuation decision process, 4passengers awareness of the safety role of CC, 4passengers briefing.