Operating Systems, Utilities, and Network Lesson 2 Putting the Computer to Work

Application Software Allows people to use the computer for work and/or play Allows people to use the computer for work and/or play Memos, reports, inventory, paint, design, draw, games--solitaire Memos, reports, inventory, paint, design, draw, games--solitaire Can be described in two ways Can be described in two ways How it is acquired How it is acquired How it is used How it is used

Application software - acquired Commercial Software Commercial Software Sold in the stores: Microsoft, Apple, Adobe Sold in the stores: Microsoft, Apple, Adobe Custom (or Proprietary) software Custom (or Proprietary) software Made to order software can be very expensive Made to order software can be very expensive Shareware Software Shareware Software Use of programs at no charge for a limited time (demo programs) Use of programs at no charge for a limited time (demo programs) To continue use must pay for the software To continue use must pay for the software Freeware Software Freeware Software No cost, copyrighted, cannot be resold by user for profit No cost, copyrighted, cannot be resold by user for profit

Application Software - Usage Horizontal Application Software Horizontal Application Software Software that can be used for a variety of purposes and is more common Software that can be used for a variety of purposes and is more common Word processing – menu, memo, newsletter Word processing – menu, memo, newsletter General productivity programs General productivity programs Vertical Application Software Vertical Application Software Specialized – used for a specific purpose Specialized – used for a specific purpose Typing software, grade software Typing software, grade software

General Productivity Programs Horizontal Application Software Packaged as standalone, integrated, or as program suites Integrated program Integrated program Combines two or more programs such as word processing, spreadsheet, database into one program Combines two or more programs such as word processing, spreadsheet, database into one program Example: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks Example: Microsoft Works, AppleWorks Program Suite Program Suite Stand alone programs that can be used independently but can move data among each the programs Stand alone programs that can be used independently but can move data among each the programs Example: Microsoft Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Lotus Smart Suite, and StarOffice (freeware) Example: Microsoft Office, Corel WordPerfect Office, Lotus Smart Suite, and StarOffice (freeware)

Graphics Program Horizontal Application Software Paint Programs Paint Programs Allows an individual to paint by using dots or pixels Allows an individual to paint by using dots or pixels Easy to use, saved as bit-mapped, saves as small file Easy to use, saved as bit-mapped, saves as small file Disadvantage: cannot be enlarged without affecting its resolution Disadvantage: cannot be enlarged without affecting its resolution Draw programs Draw programs Uses mathematical formulas instead of dots Uses mathematical formulas instead of dots Can be enlarged without affecting its resolution, easier to edit Can be enlarged without affecting its resolution, easier to edit Known as object-oriented graphics Known as object-oriented graphics Disadvantage: Saves as a larger file, more difficult to use Disadvantage: Saves as a larger file, more difficult to use Examples: Adobe illustrator, Macromedia, CAD/CAM, Photo editing Examples: Adobe illustrator, Macromedia, CAD/CAM, Photo editing

Browser and Programs Horizontal Application Software Necessary to access the Internet Web Browser Web Browser Allows surfing on the Web and displays Web pages Allows surfing on the Web and displays Web pages Converts HTML codes to readable text Converts HTML codes to readable text Web pages have codes known as HTML (HyperText Markup Language), embedded hyperlinks (links) Web pages have codes known as HTML (HyperText Markup Language), embedded hyperlinks (links) Internet Address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Internet Address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) Client Client To Access messages, address book, distribution lists, files, attachments To Access messages, address book, distribution lists, files, attachments

Understand the Basics of Telecommunications and Internet Services

Telecommunications Tele – over a distance Tele – over a distance Television, telephone, telegraph, and facsimile Television, telephone, telegraph, and facsimile

Connection Connectio n Type AvailabilityConvenience Data Trans- mission speed Usability Analog Phone Line Almost everywhere Plug into phone jack/most modems in computer kbps Dial-up ISDN Only Where Offered Uses telephone lines/requires ISDN adapter kbps Dial-up DSL Mostly Metropolitan Areas special telephone lines/ DSL modem 512 kbps Mbps Always on Cable Only by Cable TV companies Cable TB access, special modem, network card 1.5 – 3 Mbps Always on Satellite Only by satellite dish TV services Satellite dish; regular phone line and modem to upload files 150kbps – 1000 kbps Always on

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Companies that provide access to the Internet for users to subscribe Companies that provide access to the Internet for users to subscribe Services provided: , web access, file transfers, newsgroups, web hosting Services provided: , web access, file transfers, newsgroups, web hosting Online Services: access to information Online Services: access to information Chat rooms, online shopping, stock quotes Chat rooms, online shopping, stock quotes

Types of Internet Services ServiceDescription File Transfer (FTP) Remote computers store files. Users can download or upload files Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Chat rooms where users can type and read messages in online group Instant Messaging (IM) Send and receive messages instantly to anyone on their “buddies list” Newsgroups Forums are online discussion groups organized by specific topics Electronic commerce (e-commerce) Business-to business (B2B) or business-to-customer (B2C) online Bulletin board system (BBS) Similar to a newsgroup; no need for a newsreader Video Conferencing Transmit both video and audio data in “real-time” Internet telephony Transmit voice or fax data using the Internet instead of a telephone

Increase Productivity by Using a Network

Network Two or more computers that are linked to each other Two or more computers that are linked to each other Types of Network Types of Network Local area network (LAN) Local area network (LAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) Wide area network (WAN) Wide area network (WAN) Personal area network (PAN) Personal area network (PAN)

Network LAN (Local area network) LAN (Local area network) Connects computers within a network, office, a building or buildings physically close together. Connects computers within a network, office, a building or buildings physically close together. MAN (metropolitan area network) MAN (metropolitan area network) Used by organizations with offices located within a small region Used by organizations with offices located within a small region Can connect various LANs to MAN Can connect various LANs to MAN

Network WAN (wide area network) WAN (wide area network) All LANs and MANs can be connected to a WAN regardless of distance All LANs and MANs can be connected to a WAN regardless of distance PAN (personal area network) PAN (personal area network) Cell-phones, PDAs, used to connect to each other and the outside world through wireless and satellite technologies Cell-phones, PDAs, used to connect to each other and the outside world through wireless and satellite technologies

Understand the Components of a Network

Components Node: each device on a local area network Node: each device on a local area network File servers: high-speed computers that store large amounts of data File servers: high-speed computers that store large amounts of data Access to up-to date data Access to up-to date data Eliminates duplication of same data Eliminates duplication of same data

Components Physical media: Connects all notes and file servers Physical media: Connects all notes and file servers TypeUses Max Distance Cost Twisted pair Small LANs 300 ft low Coaxial cable Large LANs ft medium Fiber Optic Backbones WANs 1-25 miles High Wireless/infrare d LANs 3-1,000 feet Medium Wireless/radio Connects things that move VariesHigh

Components NIC (network interface card) NIC (network interface card) Controls the flow of data between the computer’s RAM and network cable Controls the flow of data between the computer’s RAM and network cable NOS (network operating system) NOS (network operating system) Manages connection between the nodes and the file servers Manages connection between the nodes and the file servers Microsoft’s Windows NT, XP Servers, Novell’s NetWare Microsoft’s Windows NT, XP Servers, Novell’s NetWare

Network Topology Physical arrangements of computers Physical arrangements of computers Bus topology Bus topology Star topology Star topology Ring topology Ring topology

Bus Topology Simplest format Simplest format If cable breaks the entire network may crash If cable breaks the entire network may crash

Star Topology Connects to a hub; uses more cable Connects to a hub; uses more cable A single broken cable will not crash the network A single broken cable will not crash the network

Ring Topology Each node connects in a circular arrangement using a token Each node connects in a circular arrangement using a token To send or receive data it must wait until the token gets their; a break can affect the network To send or receive data it must wait until the token gets their; a break can affect the network

Network Protocols Other than the nodes, physical media, file servers, and NOS, networks use protocols Other than the nodes, physical media, file servers, and NOS, networks use protocols Protocols: standards that describe how the different computers communicate with each other Protocols: standards that describe how the different computers communicate with each other

LAN Standards Ethernet Bus and star topology Twisted- pair/fiber optics 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps Token Ring Ring topology 4 to 16 Mbps Local Talk Bus topology 230 Kbps