1. Summary - Part 2 - Objectives The purpose of this basic IP technology training is to explain video over IP network. This training describes how video can be used on a network using IP protocol and enables individuals to understand how the IP network can respond to today’s increasing need of sharing video any time and anywhere. “What is it?” As a first step, three main issues tackled here are IP protocol, networks, and video over IP. The training consists of non- exhaustive information aimed at demystifying the use of video over IP network. “How to run it?” As a second step, you may refer to the training on Sony IP monitoring solutions to understand how to run your application over network.

2. Basic Training on IP Technology - Part 2 -

3. Summary - Part 2 Networks  What is a network ?  Defining the geographical dimension of a network  What network can I access ?  How users access the network  Cabling  Network components

4. Networks - What is a Network ? A network is a system that transmits any combination of voice, video and/or data between users. A network can be defined by its geographical dimension and by the method by which the user's PC accesses it. A network consists of  The network operating system (Windows NT/2000™) on the user's PC (client) and server;  The cables connecting all network devices (user's PC, server, peripherals, etc.);  All supporting network components (hubs, routers and switches, etc.).

5. Hub Networks - Defining the Geographical Dimension - LAN (Local Area Network) A LAN connects network devices within a limited geographical area such as office buildings or schools. The data transfer is managed by a transport protocol such as TCP/IP. The transmission of data is performed by the access method (Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.). The actual communications path is the cable (twisted pair, coaxial, optical fibre) that interconnects each network device.

6. Central Office Central Office Networks - Defining the Geographical Dimension WAN (Wide Area Network) A WAN covers a wide geographic area, carrying data over long distances, such as a country  WANs can be formed by different LANs The connection between different LANs may not be permanent. WANs are sophisticated networks, but transmission speeds have generally been slower than those commonly achieved on LANs.

7. Internet (Content for everyone to see) Intranet (Content for Internal use only) Extranet (Specific Content for specific users only) Networks - What Network Can I Access ? Security decides who can see what.

8. Networks - What Network Can I Access? Internet  The largest public computer network made up of more than 65 million computers in more than 100 countries  There are more than 20 million hosts on the Internet (a host is a mainframe or medium to high-end server that is always online via TCP/IP).  Small Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are connected to regional ISPs, which are connected to the major backbones covering Metropolitan areas.  Today, the Internet has become commercialized into a world-wide information highway, providing information on every known subject.

9. Networks - What Network Can I Access? Intranet  An in-house Web site that can be accessed only by the employees of the enterprise.  Intranets use the same communication protocols and thus provide a standard way of sharing information internally. Extranet  A Web site for a dedicated audience (e.g. customers…) rather than the general public. It can provide access to research, current inventories and internal databases - virtually any type of information that is private and not published for everyone.  An extranet uses the public Internet as its transmission system, but requires passwords to gain entrance.

10. Networks - How the User's PC Accesses the Network Cable The "Access Method" determines how network devices access the network cable.  Transfers data to and from the connected user's PC on the network. The access method used is an important factor in determining the speed at which a LAN can operate. The most popular access methods are:  Ethernet  Token Ring

11. Networks - How the User's PC Accesses the Network Cable: Ethernet Ethernet is the most popular LAN access method. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD technology to broadcast each data packet over the network cable. All devices connected to the Ethernet are "listening", and the station with the matching destination address accepts the data packet.  Each user's PC competes to get its data packets onto the network. The transmission speed of today's Ethernet network components is 10/100Mbps. Cable types available for Ethernet:  Twisted Pair / Coaxial / Optical Fiber Twisted Pair Ethernet

12. Networks - How the User's PC Accesses the Network Cable - Token Ring Token Ring is a LAN access method that is still being used, but is no longer as popular as Ethernet. It can connect up to 255 devices (or "listening") in a star topology. All network devices connect to a central wiring hub use twisted pair cabling. Token Ring ensures that all users get regular turns at transmitting their data. The transmission speed of today's Token Ring network components is 4/16Mbps.

13. Networks - What Cable to Choose? Cabling Types Depending on the access method you can choose several cabling types: Twisted pair  The wires are twisted around each other to minimize interference from other twisted pairs in the cable.  Twisted pair cables are available unshielded (UTP) or shielded (STP). UTP is the most common type and uses a RJ-45 Connector.  Typical cable lengths are up to 100m.  Twisted pair networks use a star topology. Coaxial  Coaxial cable uses BNC connectors.  The maximum cable lengths are around 500m.  Coaxial networks use a single bus topology. RJ-45 BNC

14. Having defined the geographical dimension and access method of the network, the network components need to be chosen. The network components constitute the hardware that is required to actually build your network. Network components are:  Network Interface Card  Hubs  Switches  Routers Networks - Network Components

15. RJ45 Leds Networks - Network Components - NIC A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a circuit board that plugs into both clients and servers and controls the exchange of data between them.  A specific software ("driver") must be installed (depending on the make of the NIC). A physical transmission medium, such as twisted pair or coaxial cable, interconnects all network interface cards to network hubs or switches. Ethernet and Token Ring are common network interface cards. Today's cards support 10BaseT and 100BaseT with automatic recognition.

16. Networks - Network Components - Hubs A Hub is a central connecting device in a star topology LAN configuration.  Passive hubs are just connecting devices that add nothing to the data passing through them.  Active hubs, also called "multiport repeaters", regenerate the data bits in order to maintain a strong signal. Share the available bandwidth. Forward all traffic to all hosts and is therefore inefficient.

17. Networks - Network Components - Switches Switches are intelligent hubs providing dedicated connection and bandwidth between clients on a LAN.  Switches are also known as "switching hubs". A switch gives any device on the network the full bandwidth instead of sharing the available bandwidth.  Intelligence ensures only destination receives the data, at maximum bandwidth. Allows a network to be cut into different parts in order to improve network performance.  Used to implement star network topologies on a LAN basis.  Enables direct connection between multiple hosts.

18. Networks - Network Components - Routers A router is a device that forwards data packets from one network to another. Routers read the network address in order to route data via the optimum path.  Data packets which are addressed to a device at the same site of the router will not be let through. Routers are also widely used to connect remote offices.  Convert data structure from one media to another, for example Ethernet ISDN. Routers can interconnect all networks in the enterprise.  For example two different networks like a LAN and the Internet.