1 COMP7790 Web 2.0 & 3.0 Dickson K.W. Chiu PhD, SMIEEE Original by: Freek Bijl

Overview It takes 10 years for Web 2.0 to reshape the Web Might be the same for Web 3.0 Web 3.0 still not mature Both are evolving technology frameworks Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-2

Where are we now? Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-3

Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-4 Web info-centric When the web was in its early days, we didn’t know exactly what to show on a computer screen A company card? A button? A shop? Web 1.0 was all about our search for online viability Characterized by info-centric separate static websites one-way broadcasting. Widely used between 1998 and 2001, and it is still used beside Web 2.0 in almost all web sites.

Web people-centric When we got a grip on the technical part, the real possibilities of the web became more clear. We discovered the power of networks. Web 2.0 has no single definition but can be explained through a series of Internet trends, one being the empowerment of the user. However, to meet the requirements of the general public, it should be people-centric Web treated as a platform Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-5

The power of links Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-6

The power of collaboration Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-7

The power of content and reach Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-8

The power of friends Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-9

Key Web 2.0 Features Rich Internet Application (RIA) graphical point of view or usability point of view e.g., AJAX and Flash Social Networking - Anyone can participate in the content creation User-generated content, collaboration, & community Content isn’t fixed publication—it changes daily Service orientation & Mashups (see next slide) More companies enter the emerging SaaS Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-10

Web 2.0 Mashups Development and utilization of Web services Most sites you visit have web services running in the background These services allow you to integrate data between sites through API’s such as you see on Flickr and Amazon A web application combines data from more than one source into a single integrated tool. Example is the use of cartographic data from Google Maps to add location information to restaurant data (Openrice.com), thereby creating a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-11

Web 2.0 Example Sites Social networking sites: Facebook, MySpace, Hi5, … etc. Tagging or Labeling Content: Del.icio.us. Wikis: Wikipedia. Community-generated content: eBay. Open Services: Google. P2P: Bit Torrent. New Web technologies: XML, RSS, Ajax. Open Source Software: Sourceforge Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-12

Academia & Business Coined 2.0s Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-13 hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tree.jpg

Web 2.0 Company Characteristics Harnessing the collective intelligence and taking advantage of network effects Google: the link structure of the web Amazon: our reviews of their products Ebay: our willingness to engage in commerce Flikr and de.li.cious: our ability to classify artifacts Wikipedia: our desire to exchange knowledge Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-14

Web 2.0 – Inevitable Trough of disillusionment Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-15 hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tough.jpg

Web 2.0 vs 3.0 Web 2.0 is all about the power of networks Basically, web 2.0 is a social change. The technical part of the web hasn’t changed very much. But, web 3.0 will be driven by technological changes Web the semantic web - is about the meaning of information. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-16

Web 3.0 Web 3.0 – By Spalding 2007 highly specialized information silos, moderated by personality, validated by community and inclusion of meta data through widgets The evolutionary stage of Web 2.0 Lack of standards and unified framework Share some attributes with Web 2.0 Transformation Ubiquitous computing Openness Intelligence Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-17

Pillars of Web 3.0 Tagging Adding meta data to index and describe resource Web 3.0 allows not only text search, but also images, audio and video Sub-search engine pull feeds automatically for you High level of personalized vocabularies and structure Microformats Define semantic vocabularies by user Variety of options: RDF, XML, XFN Bridge the gap between understandings by human and machine Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-18

Web 3.0 evolution paths Different meanings are intended to describe the evolution of Web usage Emphasize a machine-facilitated understanding of information on the Web. Interaction between the many possible evolutionary paths: Semantic Web (main starting point) Video Web Web 3D Ubiquitous and Pervasive Web Expansion of SaaS Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-19

Web Semantic Web Refer to our earlier lectures Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-20

Web 3.0 – Video Web Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-21 Spatial Media FragmentsVideo Content Reed Hasting, the founder and CEO of Netflix, described Web 3.0 as being the full-video Web that will be made possible by the increasing growth in bandwidth available to customers that will allow transmission of full movies over the Web.

Web 3.0 – 3D Web Thousands of users worldwide linger in 3D-worlds like Second Life or 3D-Games such as Entropiauniverse and Active worlds. Philip Rosedale, founder of Second Life, believes that one day 1500 million people will have a second existence. The adding of the third dimension will shift the internet into a hyper-realistic parallel world. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-22

Web 3.0 – Ubiquitous / Pervasive Web “Our Vision of Web 3.0 is to link data and devices in new ways to achieve new insights, greater efficiencies, economic benefits and improved quality of life” Steve Bratt. “The Web 3.0 will see applications that are pieced together, fast, customizable, run on any device, and most importantly, disseminate virally–through social networks” Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-23

Web 3.0 – SaaS and Clouds 10 years coming – client-server to SaaS User contributed code /omni-functions Multi-tenant Internet super applications Super apps utilized by enterprises Building massively scalable data centers that are secure, reliable, and highly available is very complex and expensive. Traditional client-server software development is still a painful and complex process Deployment of applications is still difficult and the cost of maintenance is expensive Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-24

Advantage of Cloud Computing No need to purchase application servers and a small army to fine tune and maintain them Software developers won’t have to build a security and sharing model. The cloud provides these items Ease of deployment, and depth of functionality More time given to functionality and meeting client needs Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-25

Web History and Future Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-26

Stamp Example - Background Suppose, I am a stamp collector... Over the years I’ve collected a lot of stamps. About every stamp, I made a document That’s a lot of documents Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-27

Stamp Example - Search How can I find a specific stamp? Google? This is the web we have today: a huge collection of documents The words of all those documents are indexed. We can search for keywords. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-28

Stamp Example – Google Search Now, suppose I Google for all red stamps Not very intelligent… Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-29 Red stamps Stamps from Cambodia (Khmer Rouge) Stamps from the Red Sea Stamps from the 140th anniversary of the Red Cross Stamps with red dragons

Stamp Example – Structural Meaning Not very intelligent, but how can a computer know what I mean? When we structurally describe that a stamp is a stamp and red is a color. Describing data in a structured way can best be done in a database. Different databases can be connected. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-30

Stamp Example – All about a Stamp Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-31 This is a stamp This stamp is from the United Kingdom This stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent Now it’s worth 3 euros This stamp is used between The picture on the stamp is a PO Box

Stamp Example – Databases Integration A database with stamps A database with countries A database with colours A database with stamp traders Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-32

Stamp Example – Web 3.0 as Databases Integration One view of Web 3.0 is the web being a big collection of databases which can be connected on demand. Agreements are made on the structure of data and the way data is described. Where the data is located is irrelevant. Linking data is the power of web 3.0. So, “I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990” is a question that will get a better answer with web 3.0 Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-33

A broader view of Web 3.0 The previous view of Web 3.0 is a ‘narrow’ one. Like Web 2.0, Web 3.0 stands for a range of developments. E.g.: A fast broadband connection to the Internet, always and everywhere. Open source techniques and free data (Data as a Service) Open identities Software as a Service (e.g., Google docs) Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-34

Why do we want to add meaning to data ? When a computer understands what data means, it can do intelligent search, reasoning and combining. This makes our life easier. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-35

Some Technologies of Web 3.0 RDF XML URI SPARQL XDI XRI SWRL XFN OWL API OAUTH Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-36

Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-37 XML Meaning is about understanding. To understand we need a language. A language starts with words. Things mean something in words. Online, we describe things with XML.

XML - Example Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-38 Red dragon China 1984 PO Box England 1992

Dickson Chiu 2011Semantic Web-39 RDF and RDF Schema Resource Description Framework (RDF) We can’t understand words alone RDF is a data model for objects and relations between them RDF Schema is a vocabulary description language In addition, online grammar is required Describes classes and properties of RDF resources Provides semantics for generalization hierarchies of properties and classes With RDF Schema we can define concepts and make simple relations between them.

RDF Example Dickson Chiu 2011Semantic Web-40 Predicate This stamp is from England subject object hence from Europe.

RDF Schema Example Dickson Chiu 2011Semantic Web-41 from StampCountry Continent in

OntologyDickson Chiu - update 2011Metadata - 42 OWL But, RDF schema is limited. A language needs more expression and logic to make good reasoning possible. relations between classes e.g., disjointness cardinality e.g. “exactly one” richer typing of properties That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was invented. characteristics of properties (e.g., symmetry)  BOTH OWL and RDF are standards of

SWRL Finally, to reason you need rules. Rules are formulated in SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-43

SWRL Example I got this stamp from my uncle. The rule for calling someone my uncle is that one of my parents has a brother. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-44 mother or father I son of brother x1 x2 x2 x3 x1 x3

Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-45 SPARQL Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp. “I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990” We can use SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language).

URI Because the web is decentralized and data is in many places, not only language is important. Exchange of data between different machines is key. To make a connection a machine needs a source. For this, we use resource identifiers. Best known resource identifier is the URI which consists of a name (urn) and a location (url) Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-46 URI URN Red PO Box URL

XRI & XDI URIs have international limitations and the need for data-exchange between machines is rapidly growing. There is a successor: XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier) There is a standard for sharing, linking and synchronizing data. This standard is called XDI (XRI Data Interchange). Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-47

OAuth API However, data is often protected. We need consent and a key to gain access. The key to certain data is described in an API (an application programming interface). An open standard for accessing (authentication) the API is OAuth. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-48

Web 3.0 Expectations A clever and on-demand friend who is able to lead, advice, negotiate and support the user honestly. Could be embedded in the smart devices, enabling the user to use his home, car or mobile remotely, safely and correctly. Affect our daily life and blur our real life with a virtual web site applications and services as Ubiquitous Web. Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-49

Example Web 3.0 Freebase Amazon (“If you liked this, you will like this!” Netvibes (pull your Web 2.0 apps together!) Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-50

Possible Impact on E-business Shift from traditional information broadcast medium to service channels Satisfy needs of customers: Autonomy Independence Relatedness Feedback Entertainment Examples: IBM, BMW create virtual communities for customers Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-51

Summary Web 3.0 shifts the Web from informational medium into service oriented, community based, intelligent medium Semantics help integrate anything (people, computers, and systems), anywhere, anytime Web 3.0 takes years to be fully-fledged Forces E-business to restructure their business process Web 3.0 applications help to retain customers and gain competitive advantages Dickson Chiu 2011COMP7790 Web-52