A Common Language for CO 2 performance of Buildings Dr Rajat Gupta Consultant, UNEP-SBCI Buildings Under UNFCCC Flexible Mechanisms 14 th March 2011, Bonn, Germany Sustainable Buildings and Climate Initiative United Nations Environment Programme

MEMBERSHIP

Sustainable Building Index Seat (S) Vice Chair (VC) SBCI Donor (D) SBCI Coordinator (C) Steering Committee (SC) Sustainable Buildings (SB) SBCI Board of Directors (Board) Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) SC Members: The SC shall be a balanced multi-stakeholder committee consisting of eleven UNEP-SBCI Members representing a balance of industry interests designated according to the following seats: Coordinator (0) (occupied by SBCI staff); Sponsor (1) (occupied by SC Sponsor); Research Institution (2); Not-for-Profit (2); Private Sector (2); Product Manufacturer (2); Local Government (1); and National Government (1). *The SC shall have balanced representation from developing and developed countries.

CHAIR

Policy Approaches Appliance standards,Taxation Energy performance contracting Mandatory auditingTax exemtions Public benefit chargesCDM Cap and Trade Building codes Negotiated agreementsUtility DSM Cooperative procurementDetailed billing Labelling White certificates Information`Public leadership programs Subsidies& grants

Common Carbon Metric Standardization of building Indicators, Metrics, & Protocol: Establishing Energy Performance and GHG emissions Baselines Target Performance Baseline Performance Use per occupant Use per m 2 By Region Energy use in kWh

Requirements 1.Climate performance data need to follow consistent definitions and protocols to be comparable. 2.Definitions and protocols applied for data collection need to be universally applicable regardless of the type and location of the buildings. 3.Definitions and protocols need to be applicable at the individual building level, as well as at aggregated levels at city, regional or national level. 4.Definitions and protocols need to be practical and account for data gaps and weak data quality.

The Common Carbon Metric (CCM) Measuring Energy Use & Reporting GHG Emissions from Building Operations Energy kWh/m 2 /yr Emissions (equivalent (e)) kgCO 2 e/m 2 /yr kgCO 2 e/occupant/yr

The Metric A methodology used to define buildings climate impact Consistent with principles and standards for environmental performance assessments (ISO standards and WRI/WBCSD Greenhouse Gas protocol) Meets the requirements that reporting is measurable, reportable and verifiable (MRV) Allows for bottom-up, and top- down data compilation

CCM methodology Top-down approach: Performance of the whole (regional, city or national level) is characterized at a coarse level using estimated data on fuel and electricity consumption. Bottom-up approach: Performance of individual case- study buildings is characterized at a fine level using measured data on fuel and electricity consumption. Ideally sample size will be statistically valid, enabling verification of the whole.

CCM Phase I First draft of the CCM was released at COP15 in Copenhagen in December 2009 Implementation of CCM was launched on 19 May 2010 in Paris through a pilot phase (Phase 1) to: Road-test the methodology in an Excel-based platform (Nine participants) Coordinated stakeholder review (19 organisations) This helped to: Uncover practical issues surrounding the implementation of the CCM Develop consensus methodologies for unresolved aspects of assessing building performance Prioritize areas for future research

Nine participants Performance metrics computed for a total of: -49 individual buildings (total area: 1.48 km 2 ) -5 larger stocks (or Wholes) (total area: km 2 ) CCM Phase I Pilot

Performance of a building stock at the city level CCM Phase I Pilot Red cells indicate that average performance of a set of buildings of a given building type, as measured through the bottom-up approach, is worse than the performance of the wholes non-residential building stock.

Performance baselines of a single building type CCM Phase I Pilot

Performance baselines for multiple building types CCM Phase I Pilot

Key outcomes Developing consensus-based definitions CCM Phase I Pilot

Key outcomes Categories of building types CCM Phase I Pilot

Key outcomes Occupancy CCM Phase I Pilot

Key outcomes Normalizing energy performance using climate data CCM Phase I Pilot

Preview of changes: technical additions Next steps: CCM Phase II Expanded list of residential and non-residential building types based on UNFCCCs building categorizations. Normalize building performance by degree day information. Use custom emission factors in addition to the default IPCC and IEA emission factors as defaults. Input electricity consumption data by month through the top- down and bottom-up approaches. Input information on multiple fuels for the same building. Record the year of last building retrofit. Record amount of purchased green power or amount of renewable energy generated on-site and returned to the grid.

Preview of changes: improvement in functionality Next steps: CCM Phase II Implementation of CCM through an Open-access web-based tool with the ability to: Track the performance of the same building sets over time. Create inventories for building sets stretching across different cities/regions, including inventories at the national level. Compare regions of similar climates but different emission factors. Reports could still be created in standardised format such as Excel.

Preview of changes: Phase II Pilot testing Next steps: CCM Phase II Pilot with cities or organisations with large portfolio of buildings Encompass locations in different climate zones and in both developing and developed countries Timeline of activities: Refine scope and identify participants (Feb - May 2011) Technical additions and Pilot (May - Oct 2011) Report-writing. CCM 2012 version for measurement and reporting related to national and international carbon credit initiatives (Oct May 2012)

Source: World Green Building Council CO 2 e 1. Benchmarking 2. Baselines 3. Monetization Common metrics

Source: World Green Building Council Benchmarking: labeling & ratings Stakeholders = Designers, Owners, Tenants Baselines: targets & regulation Stakeholders= Policy Makers, Shareholders Monetization: rebates & incentives Stakeholders= Investors, Financiers, Real-estate Professionals Stakeholders Galvanize Around Tools Common metrics

Next Steps The Common Carbon Metric offers a common and widely agreed corner stone for international policy making on climate mitigation in the building sector. WGBC, SBA & UNEP working through harmonisation issues. Phase II Pilot is being planned.

Many thanks for your attention!