Colorblindness at Loudoun Valley By: Robert Fairfax and Ben Kurzyna

● Defective or missing color cones in the eye ● Ones limited capability to see different colors depending on the affected cones ● Three cones with spectral ranges sensitive to green, red, and blue: resulting in deutan, protan, and tritan color deficiencies respectively What is Colorblindness?

● Present in approximately 7% of male population and only 0.4% of females ● Genetic disease spread via the X chromosome, of which males have one and females have two ● A female must have both their X chromosomes carrying the disease to be affected, although they will still be a carrier of the disease with only one X chromosome How do you become Colorblind?

Deuteranopia/ Deuteranomaly: ● Missing/ Malfunctioning green cone ● Affects 5% of males ● Affects <1% of females ● Condition causes a person to not see green, all other colors affected as seen below Types of Colorblindness: Green

Protanopia/ Protanomaly: ● Missing/ Malfunctioning red cone ● Affects 2% of males ● Affects <1% of females ● Condition causes a person to not see red, all other colors affected as seen below Types of Colorblindness: Red

Tritanopia/ Tritanomaly: ● Missing/ Malfunctioning blue cone ● Affects <1% of males ● Affects <1% of females ● Condition causes a person to not see blue, all other colors affected as seen below Types of Colorblindness: Blue

● Colorblind people often develop the ability to distinguish most colors and can sometimes have a heightened ability to differentiate colors and patterns of color ● Previous testing of people with Deuteranomaly (green weak) showed they were able to much more easily differentiate between fifteen shades of khaki than those with normal vision ● 99% of Colorblind people are not really color blind but color deficient Fun Facts

● “What color is this?” is the most annoying question you can ask someone who is colorblind ● The terms Protan, Deutan, and Tritan are greek for first, second, third ● Dogs are not completely colorblind, but are a form of Deuteranopia (green blind) Fun Facts Continued

● ColBlindor Color Arrangement Test ● Arrange Swatches in Order of Similarity ● Tests for Confusion of Colors (C-Index) The Test We Performed

●60 Tests of Students in B-Day Study Halls ●Independent Variables ○ Eye Color ○ Gender ● Dependent Variable o Colorblindness and Type Data We Collected

● 20% of students tested were some sort of colorblind ● Colorblindness Type: o Protan: 8.33% o Deutan: 5% o Tritan: 6.67% ● Only 25% of Colorblind students were aware of their colorblindness Analysis

● Gender: o Males: 25% o Females: 14.81% ● Eye Color: o Blue: 9.09% o Brown: 17.86% o Green: 28.57% Analysis Continued

● One-Tailed T-Test or ANOVA ● Male-Female T-test C-Index P-value: 0.24 o Not A Statistically Significant Difference o Expected to be Statistically Significant ● Eye Color 3-Way ANOVA C-Index P-Value: 0.21 o In this data, difference between eye colors is not statistically significant Statistics

● The data suggests that a greater proportion of Loudoun Valley students are Colorblind than the general public. ● While more males are colorblind, the difference in between male and female C-Indices is not statistically significant. Conclusions

● Neither our independent variables (gender or eye color) resulted in statistically significant differences between different categories. ● This problem occurred because of the rarity of Colorblind test subjects, which could only be resolved with a far larger pool of test subjects. Conclusions Continued

Questions?