1. By John Daniel “JD” Fogarty and Jude Kwaku Poku January 28 Period 3

2.  Color Blindness is defined as the inability to distinguish between certain colors.  Color Blindness occurs when there is an absence of color-sensitive pigments in the cone cells of the retina, or the nerve layer at the back of the eye.  Color Blindness symptoms can vary. Some people may have trouble seeing red, while others may have a difficulty with blue. These kinds of deficiencies are not so serious. For a person who has a full on color deficiency, the only colors they can see are different shades of black, white, and grey.

3. WWhat numbers do you see?

4. CColor blindness is X-linked recessive in the mother’s chromosome. It is more common in males than females.

5.  People acquire the genetic disorder of color deficiency through birth. A color defective male always inherits the deficiency though his mother who usually has normal color vision, but is a carry of the defect.

7.  Punnett squares are used to show the probability of receiving a genetic disorder from a parent. GGGgGg GgGggg G g Gg Mom Dad

8. Ratios: 1: 2: 1 1 GG 2 Gg 1gg Percentages: 25%: 50% 25% 25% GG 50% Gg 25% gg GGGgGg GgGggg G g Gg

9.  Uppercase letters represent dominant genes while lowercase represent recessive genes, which are always over powered by the dominant genes.  A red gene represents a gene that is not a carrier of color blindness, while a green gene represents a gene that is a carrier. GGGgGg GgGggg G g Gg PHENOTYPES: WHAT YOU SEE GG=RED Gg=RED (Green Gene Carrier) gg= Green GENOTYPES: WHAT IS IN THE GENES GG= Homozygous dominant (RED) Gg= Heterozygous dominant (RED with Green) gg= Homozygous recessive (Green)

10. Phenotype: Ratio: 3 RED:1 Green Percentages: 75% RED:25% Green Genotype: Ratio: 1 GG:2 Gg:1 gg Percentages: 25% GG: 50% Gg: 25% gg GGGgGg GgGggg G g Gg

11. AA Aaaa AA A aTTT Tttt Tt T t XXXy xy Xy X x

12. Genotype: Ratio: 1XX:2Xy:1xy Percent: 25% XX:50%Xy:25%xy Phenotype: Ratio: 2 RED:2 Green Percent: 50% RED:50% GreenXXy XyXyxyxy X y X x Total Percentage for color blindness:50%