1. Day 5 Beyond Inheritance
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How do genes influence the variety of organisms that exist?
Clarifications
Students will use Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment to analyze patterns of inheritance.
Students will identify, analyze, and/or predict inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance.
Content Limits
Items referring to general dominant and recessive traits may address but will not assess the P and generations. F1
Items addressing dihybrid crosses or patterns that include codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, sex-linkage, or polygenic inheritance may assess the P and generations. F1
Stimulus Attributes
Inheritance outcomes may be expressed in percent, ratios, or fractions.
Scenarios may refer to codominance or incomplete dominance but not both codominance and incomplete dominance.
Punnett squares may be used to predict outcomes of a cross.
Response Attribute
Options may include codominance or incomplete dominance but not both.

2. Multiple Alleles
There are 3 or more possible alleles for a single gene causing multiple variations of a single trait.
Example: Blood Typing

3. Watch this video:

4. Multiple-Alleles Inheritance
Parent 1 has “A” blood but carries the “O” allele.
Parent 2 has “B” blood but carries the “O” allele.
P1 ______ X ______
IA Ii
IB Ii IA Ii
Offspring Genotype
Ii Ii : IA Ii : IB Ii : IB IA
IB IA
IB Ii IB
Offspring Phenotype
1 A blood , B blood,
1 AB blood, O Blood Ii
IA Ii
Ii Ii

5. Sex-Linked Inheritance
Genes are located on the sex chromosomes.
Genetic disorders are typically on the X chromosome. Female: XX; Male: XY

6. Sex-Linked Inheritance
Women who is heterozygous and a man without hemophilia.
XH Y
P1 ______ X ______
XHXh
Offspring Genotype XH Xh
1 XHXH : 1 XHXh :
1 XHY : 1 XhY XH
XHXH
XHXh
Offspring Phenotype
1 Girl Normal 1 Boy Normal
1 Girl Carrier 1 Boy Hemophilia Y
XHY
XhY

7. We Do What color do you see ? Ishihara color test for color blindness.
The color plates will appear on the screen for five seconds. Write the number you see on the screen in the space provided. If you do not see a number then you will write the letter “N” for no number.
Teacher will click through the color blind test plates on the following slides. There will be one plate per slide and the teacher should only display the plate for 5 seconds before moving to the next slide. Teachers should review the correct answers and the student interpretations after the test is complete.

8. Ishihara Color Test #1
Answer: 12 Even if you are color blind, you will get this one right.
Demonstration plate – designed to be visible by all persons, whether normal or color vision deficient.
Answer: 12 Even if you are color blind, you will get this one right.
Demonstration plate – designed to be visible by all persons, whether normal or color vision deficient. For demonstration purposes only, and usually not considered in make a score for screening purposes.

9. Ishihara Color Test #2 Normal view: 8 Red-green deficiency: 3

10. Ishihara Color Test #3 Normal view: 6 Red-green deficiency: 5

11. Ishihara Color Test #4 Normal view: 29 Red-green deficiency: 70

12. Ishihara Color Test #5 Normal view: 57 Red-green deficiency: 35

13. Ishihara Color Test #6 Normal view: 5 Red-green deficiency: 2

14. Ishihara Color Test #7 Normal view: 3 Red-green deficiency: 5

15. Ishihara Color Test #8 Normal view: 15 Red-green deficiency: 17

16. Ishihara Color Test #9 Normal view: 74 Red-green deficiency: 21

17. Ishihara Color Test #10 Normal view: 2
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 2
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

18. Ishihara Color Test #11 Normal view: 6
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 6
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

19. Ishihara Color Test #12 Normal view: 97
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 97 Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

20. Ishihara Color Test #13 Normal view: 45
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 45
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

21. Ishihara Color Test #14 Normal view: 5
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 5
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

22. Ishihara Color Test #15 Normal view: 7
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 7
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

23. Ishihara Color Test #16 Normal view: 16
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 16
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

24. Ishihara Color Test #17 Normal view: 73
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.
Normal view: 73
Red-green deficiency: most people don’t see anything or see something wrong.

25. Ishihara Color Test #18 Normal view: nothing Red-green deficiency: 5

26. Ishihara Color Test #19 Normal view: nothing Red-green deficiency: 2

27. Ishihara Color Test #20 Normal view: nothing Red-green deficiency: 45

28. Ishihara Color Test #21 Normal view: nothing Red-green deficiency: 73

29. Ishihara Color Test #22 Normal view: 26
Protanopia or protanomaly (unable to perceive any ‘red’ light): 6
Deuteranopia or deuteranomaly (unable to perceive ‘green’ light): 2
Normal view: 26
Protanopia or protanomaly (unable to perceive any ‘red’ light): 6
Deuteranopia or deuteranomaly (unable to perceive ‘green’ light): 2

30. Ishihara Color Test #23 Normal view: 42
Protanopia or protanomaly (unable to perceive any ‘red’ light): 2
Deuteranopia or deuteranomaly (unable to perceive ‘green’ light): 4
Normal view: 42
Protanopia or protanomaly (unable to perceive any ‘red’ light): 2
Deuteranopia or deuteranomaly (unable to perceive ‘green’ light): 4

31. Ishihara Color Test #24 Normal view: 35
Protanopia or protanomaly (unable to perceive any ‘red’ light): 5
Deuteranopia or deuteranomaly  (unable to perceive ‘green’ light): 3
Normal view: 35
Protanopia or protanomaly (unable to perceive any ‘red’ light): 5
Deuteranopia or deuteranomaly  (unable to perceive ‘green’ light): 3

32. How many people have a form of color deficiency?
Color Test Discussion
How many people have a form of color deficiency?
How many males?
How many females?
Can any possible conclusions be drawn from this data?