AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA Maj Bilal Sadiq Gondal

Background  70 % Population Dependent  32 % Africa GDP  65 % Labor Force  Inability to Transform into high productive sector

Background  World agriculture tripled between 1961 and 2007  Population grew from 3 to 6.8 billions  Green revolution increase production by 11% 3

Background  25% of world arable land  10% of global agriculture production  Africa has lowest yield among all regions 4

5 AGRICULTURE ENVIROMENT OF AFRICA

Agriculture Environment –Demography  Demographic shift in world population  Future world will be African dominated  9% of world was African in 1950  40% will be African by end of this century 6

Agriculture Environment –Demography  UNICEF estimates that 1.8 billion new born will be in Africa  Africa Population will quadruple to 4.2 billion by end of century  Unsymmetrical population growth  Higher densities in North Africa, Great Lake Region and Gulf of Guinea  Rapid population growth and urbanization is directly impacting food security 7

Agriculture Environment –Economy  South Africa contributes 30% of African GDP with 5% population  North African countries contribute 35% of GDP with 20% of population  Countries dependent on extractive industries  70% of East African countries are dependent upon agriculture 8

Agriculture Environment –Economy  5.2 % annual growth  Insignificant development in agriculture sector  Agriculture sector development in countries  Ghana  Ethiopia  Rwanda 9

Agriculture Environment – Global Market  Agriculture focused on national markets  17% of total foreign trade of African countries were conducted at intra-regional level  Small agriculture export base  Cocoa  Coffee  Tea  Cotton  Sugar  Pineapple  Bananas  Import is 1.7 times value of export 10

Agriculture Environment – Natural Resources  Largest uncultivated surface area after Latin America  6% farm land is irrigated  Investment to cultivate 20 million hectares in last 10 years  60% of cultivable land still available in few countries  Climatic conditions  Soil degradation 11

12 FACTORS CAUSING POOR PERFOMANCE

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LOW PRODUCTIVITY  Poor productivity of crops  1.3 metric tons per hectare of Maize in Malawi in contrast to an average 10 ton hectare in USA 13

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LOW PRODUCTIVITY  Innovation  Fertilizers  Malawi used fertilizer to improve from 43 percent food deficient to 53 percent surplus  Irrigation  Potential to increase 100 to 400 percent  4% land is irrigated  Seed development  Seeds developed 30 years ago 14

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LAND UTILIZATION  Land ownership  Communal ownership  Dead Capital  Land Degradation  65% of cropland degradation of the world  485 Millions affected by land degradation  $9.3 billion annual cost  Causes for Lands Degradation  Demographic Growth  Conflicts  Refugees  Soil Management 15

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LAND UTILIZATION  Poor Infrastructure  Least developed continent  Non availability of farm to market roads  50% harvest lost due to non availability of infrastructure  Small and Family Farms  Family farm produce 80% of world food  75% of global farmland is family owned 16

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE DISEASES  HIV / Aids  Malaria  Tapeworm  Yellow Fever 17

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER  During 2011 natural disaster resulted  7 million affected by drought  3 million by flood  3 million refugees  Food Crisis affected 12 million people in  Djibouti  Ethiopia  Kenya  Uganda 18

FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER Total Number of Violent Events

20 AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

 During 2011 natural disaster resulted  7 million affected by drought  3 million by flood  3 million refugees  Food Crisis affected 12 million people in  Djibouti  Ethiopia  Kenya  Uganda 21

22 FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA GREEN REVOLUTION MOVEMENT 23  Africa government is initiating new green revolution  AGRA  100 different varieties of crops  Train local farmer  Double productivity in 20 years

FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA GOVERNMENT COMMITMENT  Africa government for funding agriculture  Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Program (CAADP)  10 % of national budgets to agriculture development  CAADP four pillar approach  Pillar-1-Sustainable land management and water control system  Pillar-2-Improving infrastructure and trade related activities  Pillar-3-Improving food security and response to emergency crisis 24

FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA 25  Genetically Modified Crops  Ability to increase productivity  Kenya and South Africa  Land Reforms  Specific land ownership  Commercial Farming  Small farmers limitation to expand agriculture  Mechanical farming like Brazil

FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA  Hybrid Models  Model comprising small scale and corporate farming  China model  Brazil model  Mixed Model  Nucleus farm model  50 ha farms  Small farms 26 50HA 2HA

FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA  Agriculture Diversification  Diversification of crops  Horticulture and flowers  Organic Product 27

28 QUESTIONS?