DASAR -DASAR IRIGASI S SPRINGKEL PS TEKNIK SUMBERDAYA ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN BAMBANG RAHADI

On-Farm Irrigation Methods Presentation 4 – Sprinkle Irrigation Systems On-Farm Irrigation Methods TypeU.S. AreaWorld Area Surface65%95% Sprinkler30%3% Micro Irrigation3%1% Sub-Irrigation2%1%

Keuntungan 1.High Application uniformity 2.Use of small continuous streams 3.Use on steep or undulating topographies 4.Application of light & frequent irrigations 5.Labor is only needed for a short time each day 6.Labor can be relatively unskilled 7.Automation is readily available 8.Weather (micro-climate) can be modified

Kerugian 1.Initial costs are high ($500 to $3,500 per ha) 2.Operating costs are high 3.Water quality can be a problem 4.Wet conditions during crop maturation can impact yield 5.Fluctuating flow rates at the water source 6.Irregular field shapes are difficult to irrigate 7.Very windy or very dry conditions result in high losses 8.Low intake rate soils (< 3 mm/hr) have runoff problems

“Set” Systems  Fixed  Periodic-move Continuous-move Systems

“Set” Systems Hand-move End-tow Side roll (“wheel lines”) Gun Boom Fixed (“solid set”) Others

Hand-move Sprinkle Systems

End-tow Sprinkle Systems

Side Roll Sprinkle Systems

Gun Sprinkle Systems

Boom Sprinkle Systems

Solid Set Sprinkle Systems

Special Sprinkle Systems

Continuous- Move Systems Center Pivots

Liner-move Sprinkle Systems

Miscellaneous Moving Sprinkle Systems

Field Evaluation of Sprinkle Systems – Pressure Impacts Pressure is the most important operational parameter in sprinkle irrigation.

Field Evaluation of Sprinkle Systems – Precipitation Patterns

EVALUASI Catch-can tests are for evaluating uniformity Catch-can data are often overlapped for various sprinkler & lateral spacings Use a program for overlapping: CATCH-3D You can also use a spreadsheet program to simulate overlapping

Field Evaluation of Sprinklers Catch-can tests represent a specific wind & pressure situation Typical catch-can spacings are 2 or 3 m on a square grid, or 1 to 2 m spacings along one or more “radial legs” Set up cans with half spacing from sprinklers (in both axes) to facilitate overlapping See ASAE S398.1 and ASAE S436

The End