Notes: Chapter 19 Blood (640-664)

1. What are the 5 functions of blood? Transportation of dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes. Regulation of pH and ion composition. Restriction of fluid losses at injury site Defense against toxins and pathogens Stabilization of body temperature

2. What is plasma? Blood = 55% plasma Liquid part of blood Mostly water Plasma proteins Has dissolved nutrients and wastes

3. What are the formed elements of blood? RBCs (red blood cells)- gas exchange WBCs (white blood cells) – immune system Platelet – enzymes and clotting

4. What happens during hemopoiesis? Process of making formed elements of blood

5. List and describe the 3 classes of plasma proteins Albumins: regulate osmotic pressure (diffusion at capillaries) and transport of fatty acids and hormones Globulins: antibodies Fibrinogen: clotting

6. What effect does the biconcave disc shape of RBC have on its functions? Larger surface area to volume ratio for O2 absorption/release Form stacks that can flow smoothly through blood vessels Can bend and flex through capillaries

7. What is the average life span of RBCs? Life span = 120 days Because there are no organelles after differentiation so it cannot make proteins to repair itself

8. What is hemoglobin? The protein inside of blood that functions as transport mechanism for gases Anemia = abnormal forms which interfere with O2 delivery Fetal-binds O2 more readily

9. What is bilirubin? RBCs get recycled Heme unit is recycled and bilirubin is a byproduct that needs to be taken to liver to be excreted. Jaundice- due to excess bilirubin in blood  failure of liver Skin turns yellow

10. What is erythropoiesis? Where does it occur? Erythropoiesis = RBC formation Happens in the red bone marrow

11. What are leukocytes. How are they different from RBCs 11. What are leukocytes? How are they different from RBCs? What is their function? Leukocytes = white blood cells Difference = nuclei, organelles, no hemoglobin Function = defend body against pathogens, remove toxins, wastes and abnormal/damaged cells

12. Platelets Platelets = thrombocytes Life span = 9-12 days Function = release chemicals important in clotting, form temporary patch of damaged vessels after clot formation, produce filaments to shrink clot and reduce size of break