ICD-C Compiler Framework Dr. Heiko Falk

- 2 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Compiler Framework 1.Highlights and Features 2.Basic Concepts 3.Extensions 4.Use Cases 5.Availability

- 3 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Highlights and Features of ICD-C ANSI-C Compiler Frontend  C89 + C99 Standards  GNU Inline Assembler Intuitive Internal Structures and Concepts  C++ Class Design & Linkable Libraries Powerful Analyses & Optimizations  Control Flow, Data Flow & Loop Analyses  21 Built-In Standard Optimizations Flexible Usage  Pre-Pass Source-Level Optimizer  High-Level IR (*) in stand-alone Compiler (*) IR = Intermediate Representation

- 4 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Compiler Framework 1.Highlights and Features 2.Basic Concepts –Class Hierarchy –Documentation and Testing 3.Extensions 4.Use Cases 5.Availability

- 5 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Class Hierarchy Compilation Unit IR Function Statement Expression  Loop Statements (for, do-while, while-do)  Selection Statements (if, if-else, switch)  Jump Statements (return, break, continue, …)  …  Binary & Unary Expressions (+, -, *, /, …)  Assignment Expressions (=, +=, -=, …)  Index & Component Accesses (a[x], a.x, …)  … Global ST File ST Funct. ST Local ST Basic Block

- 6 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Documentation & Testing Documentation  User’s and Developer Manual  Browsable HTML Reference Manual Testing  Built-In & External Testbenches > 3,100 ANSI-C Test Files > 700,000 Lines of ANSI-C Test Code  Fully Automated Test Procedures Various Test Environments (Sun Sparc Solaris, SuSE Linux, TriCore 1.3, …)

- 7 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Compiler Framework 1.Highlights and Features 2.Basic Concepts 3.Extensions –Analyses & Optimizations –Backend-Interface –Retargetability 4.Use Cases 5.Availability

- 8 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Built-In Analyses  Control Flow Analyses Basic Block & Statement Level Domination / Post-Domination Reachability Analysis Function Call Graph Analysis  Data Flow Analyses DEF / USE Analysis Def & Use Chains Address Taken Analysis  Loop Analyses Induction Variable Analysis Number of Loop Iterations

- 9 -  H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Optimizations Local CSE Value Propagation Dead Code Elimination Unused Symbols Simplify Code Constant Folding Function Arguments Unused Symbols Function Exit Points Value Propagation Dead Code Elimination Simplify Code Constant Folding Loop Unswitch. Head-Ctrl. Loops Struct Scalarizat. Life Range Splitting Redundant Load El. Return Val. Elimination String Constants Loop Collapsing Loop Deindexing Tail Recursion Function Inlining Function Specializat. Loop Unrolling -O1 -O2 -O3

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Compiler Backend Interface reg: tpm_BinaryExpPLUS(reg, reg) { $cost[0] = $cost[2] + $cost[3] + COST_ADD; } = { cout << “add “ << target << “,” << $action[2]() << “,” << $action[3]() << endl; }; ICD-CG Technology Code Selector ICD-C Core Library ICD-C TPM Library C++ Compiler int sumdiff( int a, int b ) { return a + b; }; sumdiff: add R1, R2, R3 ret

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Retargetability of ICD-C Configurable Target Architecture Parameters  Bit Widths & Memory Alignments  Configuration of ANSI-C Fuzzyness Arithmetic vs. Logic Right Shifts Signedness of Type char  Transformation for Auto-Increment Addressing  Optimization: Speed vs. Code Size Supported Target Architectures  ARM7  TriCore 1.3  PP32 V2  Sun Sparc, x86

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Compiler Framework 1.Highlights and Features 2.Basic Concepts 3.Extensions 4.Use Cases –Source-Level Multi-Process Scratchpad Allocation –Real-Time Compiler WCC 5.Availability

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Use Case 1: Source-Level Memory Optimizer Profit values / Allocation hints App. 2 App. 1 App. n Allocation Manager Allocation Manager Standard Compiler (GCC) Standard Compiler (GCC) Operating System Operating System Compile-time Transformations Compile-time Transformations © R. Pyka [Operating system integrated energy aware scratchpad allocation, SCOPES ‘07] C Code C Code Prepared C LockGen / etc. LockGen / etc. Adapted C Profit Annotator Profit Annotator Opt Sys. Image RTEMS.o SPMM.o GCC ICD-C Technology

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Use Case 2: Real-Time Compiler WCC © H. Falk, P. Lokuciejewski [Design of a WCET-Aware C Compiler, ESTIMedia ‘06] ICD-C Technology ICD-LLIR Technology

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Compiler Framework 1.Highlights and Features 2.Basic Concepts 3.Extensions 4.Use Cases 5.Availability –Supported Host Platforms –Licensing Schemes

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 Technical Availability of ICD-C Supported Host Platforms  Sparc Sun Solaris 5.8 – 5.10  x86 SuSE Linux 9.x – 10.x  x86 Debian Linux  x86 Microsoft Windows 2000, XP  x86 Microsoft 2003 Server

 H. Falk, ICD/ES, 2008 ICD-C Software Licenses Supported Licensing Schemes  Restricted Evaluation License  Academic Research License  Commercial License Binary License w/o Optimizations Binary License with Optimizations Full Source Code License