1 ECONOMY… MARKET…. SOLIDARITY… these three words are they compatible ? an example : the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE)

2 some definitions : Economy An economy consists of the economic system of a country. The economy encompasses everything related to the production and consumption of goods and services in an area. The large set of economic relations as production and consumption activities which aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated.

3 Solidarity First of all, solidarity literally means the help of the human being in need without anything expected in return and in a conviction of justice and equality Solidarity is also the integration, and degree and type of integration, shown by a society or group with people and their neighbours.

4 Market A market is any place where the sellers of a particular good or service can meet with the buyers of that goods and service where there is a potential for a transaction to take place.

5 The Problem ? A market-based economy may be described as a spatially limited social network where goods and services are freely produced and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants (economic agents) The regulation of Economy is made by the market. We need one information : the price of goods We have one goal : maximize its profit We become Homo-oeconomicus

6 Life is beautiful…so what ?

7 What about solidarity ? Do you want more solidarity in this system of regulation ?

8 Tell me what you need… I’ll tell you why this is impossible…

9 Solidarity isn’t a new concept In the Middle Ages, the Gift already exist, charity also There were solidarity inside family, village… But nowadays ?

10 We were able to say, after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, that the market economy had won, even that the end of the history happened.

11 Hasty conclusion, growth of emerging countries (BRICS) opens a new page of the history of the humanity today

12 The dynamics of the market shows its power of social transformation But associated with the liberal frame, it engenders at the same time major problems: increasing disparities, poverty and precariousness, ecological crisis …

13 The search, the quest, for an alternative is thus of current events. But what alternative? The “social and solidarity economy” can it embody this alternative?

14 definition: The SSE brings together organizations that are alternatives either what they are, that is to say, by their status (associations, cooperatives, foundations...) or what they are doing (practicing forms of exchange that meet high social standards, and develop sustainable activities ecologically).

15 Its organizations are located between the private and the public, sometimes included in the market but with the values ​​ of cooperation and solidarity. They remind us that private enterprise capitalism is not the only option.

16 A group of companies that combine social utility and economic activity, giving primacy to individuals on the profit motive, characterized by: - Solidarity and collective self-management, - Sharing and democratic control of power within the company; - The primacy of people and the social objective over capital in the distribution of surplus funds

17 For example : Fair trade organisations Co-operatives and especially Worker cooperatives Trade unions … they are often considered a key part of the solidarity economy as they are based on the principle of solidarity between citizens,workers…

18 While the dominant economy worries before any taking advantage in defiance of the social and ecological consequences of its activity, The “social and solidarity economy” wants to be in the service of the citizens. It does not consider the human being as an individual occupied only with maximizing its utility, it believes in the capacity of the social groups to act to solve collectively their problems.

19 In France, ESS is an important economic player 10% of GDP and nearly 10% of jobs 2.35 million employees 200,000 companies and organizations 440,000 jobs in 10 years 9 out of 10 disabled people supported by the sector sse 68% of home support services for dependents are made by the sector sse

20 SSE is a major component of the ongoing reform and regulation in our society. In his view, human relations are not dictated only by selfish calculation but also include the donation, altruism, compassion, mutual support and cooperation. In short, the social and solidarity economy believes in solidarity.

21 However, is it a possible alternative to the current economic system, or is it a part of a society where live many economic and social dynamics? Its governance wants be democratic character, is this the right way ? it intended to extend, to generalize? this generalization is desirable?

22 To introduce solidarity in the regulation system may be individual act as well as ​​ political

23 Thank you for your attention Rodrigue Malaquin Université Lille 1