University Mental Health Research Institute Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI EMCDDA TDI Expert Meeting September 2004 Katerina Kontogeorgiou Maria Pouloudi EMCDDA TDI Expert Meeting September 2004 Katerina Kontogeorgiou Maria Pouloudi

Number of users starting treatment, Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Distribution of users starting treatment by sex, Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

MAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE PROFILE OF USERS IN TREATMENT BY SEX, 2003 MEN % WOMEN % Socio-demographic information years old *** Previously treated Living with parents *** Living with drug users *** Secondary/ higher education completed *** EmploymentRegular employment *** Unemployed Drug-related informationPrimary Drug Heroin/opiates Cannabis Hypnotics/sedatives Cocaine ** Usual route Injection Sniffing *** 39.9 Use of secondary drugs by Heroin (primary drug) Cannabis (") Hypnotics/sedatives(") ** 83.4** Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI * p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001

MAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE PROFILE OF USERS IN TREATMENT BY SEX, 2003 MEN % WOMEN % Drug-related informationCurrently injecting5143.1*** Ever injected Currently sharing needles Ever shared needles * Mean agesYears Mean age28.526*** Mean age at first use (any subs.)1616* Mean age at first use (primary)2019*** Mean duration of use of primary drug86.5*** * p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001 Source: TDI, Greek REITOX Focal Point Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Primary drug of use in women by age group (2003) Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Mean age, age at first use of primary drug and age at onset of use Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Substance of onset of use by sex, CannabisHypnotics/SedativesHeroin Men % Women % Men % Women % Men % Women % Source: TDI, Greek REITOX Focal Point Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Primary drug of use by sex, Heroin/other opiatesCannabisHypnotics/sedatives Men % Women % Men % Women % Men % Women % Source: TDI, Greek REITOX Focal Point Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Injecting use in the last 30 days, Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Injecting use in lifetime, Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Needle sharing among injecting users in the last 30 days, Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

Needle sharing among injecting users in lifetime, Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

MAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE PROFILE OF ADOLESCENT USERS IN TREATMENT BY SEX, 2003 BOYS % GIRLS % Socio-demographic information Previously treated Source of referral Family Court/police Living with parents Living alone Living with drug users Secondary completed/ some higher education EmploymentRegular employment Pupil/Student Drug-related informationHeroin/opiates (PD) Cannabis Hypnotics/sedatives Cocaine Usual route Injection Smoking Sniffing Use of secondary drugs Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

MAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE PROFILE OF ADOLESCENT USERS IN TREATMENT BY SEX, 2003 BOYS % GIRLS % Drug-related informationCurrently injecting Ever injected Currently sharing needles Ever shared needles Mean agesYears Mean age17 Mean age at first use (any subs.)14 Mean age at first use (primary)15 Mean duration of use of primary drug22 Source: TDI, Greek REITOX Focal Point Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

CONCLUSIONS WOMEN ARE UNDER-REPRESENTED YOUNGER LIVE WITH DRUG USERS MORE OFTEN MORE EDUCATED MORE UNEMPLOYED Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

CONCLUSIONS HEROIN AS PRIMARY DRUG LESS OFTEN CURRENT INJECTION MORE OFTEN SHARING NEEDLES YOUNGER AT FIRST USE OF P.D. THERAPY (LAST CONTACT) EARLIER Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI

FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT Greek REITOX Focal Point - UMHRI