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2  Respiration: is the process of gas exchange between individual and the environment. The process of respiration involves several components:  Pulmonary ventilation: the movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli of the lungs.  Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and capillaries.  Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via blood to tissues.

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4  Structure of the respiratory system:  Upper respiratory tract: mouth, nose, pharynx and larynx.  Lower respiratory tract: trachea and lung.  Inspiration: when air flow in to lung.  Expiration: air move out of the lung.

5  Oxygen delivery system:  Nasal canula: its deliver low concentration of oxygen 24 to 45% at flow level 2 to 6L/M.  simple face mask: deliver oxygen concentration from 40 to 60 percent at liter flows 5 to 8L/M

6 Continue:  Partial rebreathing mask: deliver oxygen concentration of 60 to 90 percent at the liter flow 6 to 10 L/M.  Non rebreathing mask: delivers the highest oxygen concentrations that is 95 to 100% at the liter flow of 10 to15 L/M.  Venturi mask: delivers oxygen concentration varying from 24 to 40% at liter flow 4 to 10 L/M.

7 Purposes:  To deliver low and high concentration of oxygen when only minimal oxygen support is required. Equipment:  Oxygen supply with flow meter.  Humidifier with distilled water.  Gauze bad as needed.

8 Intervention:  Hand washing.  Prepare equipment.  Explain procedure to the patient.  Provide privacy  Perform a respiratory assessment to determine the need for oxygen therapy.  Assist the client to semi fowler’s position if possible.

9  Inform the client and support people about the safety precaution connected with oxygen use.  Turn on the oxygen at the prescribed rate and ensure proper functioning.

10  Apply the appropriate oxygen delivery device such as canula or face mask.  Assess the client regularly for level of anxiety, color and ease respiration and provide support.  Assess the client in 15 to 30 m depending on client condition; assess vital sign, color, chest movements and clinical sign of hypoxia, tachycardia, confusion, dyspnea, restlessness and cyanosis.  Return the equipment.  Hand washing.  Documentation.

11 Sign of oxygen toxicity:  Chest pain.  Dry cough.  Dyspnea.  Eye and ear discomfort.

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