ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR NUTRITION DATA COLLECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

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Presentation transcript:

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR NUTRITION DATA COLLECTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Aspects Covered:  Field Research In Developing Countries Purpose Conditions Challenges  Adapting Tools for Nutrition Field Research  Tools Tested

Purpose of Field Research  To Learn Community Practices Agriculture, Nutrition, Child rearing, etc  Identify Community Needs Felt Needs Unfelt Needs

Purpose of Field Research  Identified Practices Could Be : Positive: to be encouraged Harmful: to be discouraged through education

Enablers of Field Research  Resources/ Researchers Side Expertise Time Budget, etc  Resources/ Community Side: Acceptance Time Literacy level, etc.

Field Research: Challenges for Nutrition Educators  Limited Services : Telephone Survey Questionnaire  Literacy Level: Food Records Food Frequencies  Diminishing Food Resources Not applicable Questionable

What Alternatives Are There?

The Challenge for Nutrition Profession: To Respond to Household Needs In Special Way that Balances: Current KnowledgeIndigenous Skills

Adapting Methods for Nutrition Field Research  Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA ): Focuses on full participation of a given community in studying community needs, planning, implementing and assessing intervention impacts.

PRA Guidelines  Respect/ Humility  Complete Ignorance  Diversity of Analysis  Continuity

Adaptable Techniques 1. Mapping 2. Transect Walk 3. Individual Case Studies 4. Seasonality Analysis 5. Ranking and Scoring 6. Historical Profiles

Adaptable PRA Techniques for Nutrition Field Research  Mapping: Method for Visual Representation of Study Area Drawn by Study Participants Practical Entry Point for Discussion Helps to Explore Community Resources Example: Ask participants to locate related places How does distance affect food intake? What do participants recommend?

Maps Study Area

Transect Walk  A systematic walk in a study area with key informants.

Individual Case Studies  In-depth Study of: Individuals Nutritional practices Farming Systems, Etc. Example for Nutrition Why are some children healthy while some are not, given the same living situations?

Seasonality Analysis  Helps to assess: Opportunities affecting living situations Seasonal Constraints  Examples for Nutrition Use Market Food Prices Food Availability Labor Demand Income Expenditure Disease Incidences Daily Routines

Ranking & Scoring  Method for Identifying: Preferences Local criteria's  Related Techniques Wealth Ranking Proportional Pilling  Examples for Nutrition Use Choices b/t food groups Food distribution Food Expenses Selection of risk groups Identifying priority areas, etc

Wealth Ranking - Cattle

Historical Profiles Historical Profiles  A detailed account of the past.  Indicates: Trends Relationships Changes over time Note: elderly groups are good resources.  Casual free conversation  Example for Nutrition Use Indicates: Changes of food consumption patterns Factors for such changes Are the changes positive or negative? Possible solution/ Suggestions

Means For Reducing Possible Bias  Acknowledge: bias will be there, but try to minimize it!  Possible Bias : Frame related: Old listing ( Missing, or foreign elements) Wealth ranking bias Instrument related (check list, items for ranking, seasonality analysis) Interviewer bias Cross check listing Adequate discussion Watch for sizes/uniformity Provide training Explain purpose

Assumptions Instrument developed enabled to get the right information Training & interviewing process has enabled to control possible biases

Assumptions Wealth classification is realistic to local situation. Participants have given realistic answers.

Thank you