The Planning Regions Legend (reduced): urban agglomeration rural area rural area to be developed with priority Alpine area

The Regional Plan History of regional planning Regional planning in Bavaria 1973 division into 18 planning regions with the result of the formation of 18 regional planning associations 1976 beginning of planning Legal base State-level Planning Act of Bavaria State-level Nature Conservation Act of Bavaria State-level Development Program of Bavaria Planning competence is given to Regional Planning Associations Technical execution and co-ordination by the Regional Planning Offices

Regional Level Planning Tools The Regional Plan Contents of the regional plan (A) Part A - inter-disciplinary objectives I General targets II Regional structure 1 Ecological spatial structure 2 Social and economical spatial structure 3 Provisions of infrastructure III Population and jobs IV Growth axis’s V Central places VI Functions of local authorities

Regional Level Planning Tools The Regional Plan Contents of the Regional Plan (B) Part B- special objectives I Nature and Landscape 1 Guidelines of landscape 2 Protection and development of landscape elements 3 Biotop management, redevelopment measures II Settlement III Agriculture and Forestry IV Commercial Industry 1 Regional economic structure 2 Sectoral economic structure V Labour market VI Education system VII Social and health essentials IX Transport and communications X Supply of energy XI Water resources management 1 Hydrologic budget 2 Water supply 3 Water conservation XII Environmental protection XIII Defence

Regional Level Planning Tool The Regional Plan Environmental Aspects in Regional Planning I. Framework of the federal government Landscape-Program Framework of regional policy II. Landscape-Program and State Development Program 1. Nature and Landscape - protection of natural resources - protection of landscape - development of landscape 2. Agriculture and forestry 3. Recreation 4. Water supply III. Regional plan of the planning region of Central Franconia 1. Nature and Landscape guidelines and objectives of landscape development and protection protection and development of landscape elements Regional green belts preferential landscape areas nature conservation areas habitat-management, redevelopment measures settlement structures

Regional Planning Procedure Regional Planning Association The Regional Planning Association includes all communes within its administrative area Regional Planning Association District Government Higher Planning Authority Department for planning Planning committee Regional Planning Board Organisations of the economic, social and cultural life A s s e m b l y Lord Mayor Taluka free Cities Chief Admin. Officer Taluka Municipalities Mayor Chairman Management Legal control Sectoral control Preparation of regional plan and reports chairs elects

Regional Planning Procedure Procedure: Example Bavaria Members of Association Bavarian State Ministry for Regional Development and Environmental Affairs Sector Departments Public bodies and others Regional Planning Association Sector reports Draft Draft approved by Planning Association Regional plan approved by Legalised Regional plan

Regional Planning Procedure Objectives of Regional Planning Basis for State planning objectives State Development Programme Sectoral Framework Plans and Programmes, e.g. Project and Infrastructure Plans Agricultural Orientation Plans Forest Use Plans Waste Disposal Plans Basis for Spatial Impact Procedure (SIA) Traffic planning Utility planning Basis for sectoral planning Planning of child care facilities Planning of medical supply facilities Basis for municipal land use planning Master plan Legally binding Layout Plan Preparation of Regional Plan

The Regional Plan Spatial Structure Legend (reduced): Planning objectives defined by the Regional Plan developing axes of regional importance Informational notification (State Development Programme) urban agglomeration rural space with different objectives for development city of medium importance potential city of central importance (to be developed) developing axes of State importance This plan is signed by the head of the Regional Planning Association!

The Regional Plan Landscape and Recreation Legend (reduced): Planning objectives defined by the Regional Plan Landscape preferential area Banned forest This plan is signed by the head of the Regional Planning Association! Informational notification (State Development Programme and other plans) Nature Protection Area Settlement (defined by approved master and layout plans) Industrial/Commercial Area Other urban Area

The Regional Plan Settlement and Infrastructure Legend (reduced): Planning objectives defined by the Regional Plan Preferential Area for mineral resources Noise emission zoning to influence land use planning Regional green belt This plan is signed by the head of the Regional Planning Association! Informational notification (State Development Programme and other plans) Airport Federal Highway Natural Gas Pipelines

Regional Level Planning Tools The Spatial Impact Assessment Procedure Scope of the SIA During pre-feasibility stage, large envisioned projects with spatial impacts beyond the local level are already assessed in a single-window licensing procedure. Their spatial impacts are analysed and evaluated on the background of existing co-ordinative and sector plans. Most important aspect: The environmental sensitivity of the selected site and eventual environmental conflicts arising from them.

Regional Level Planning Tools The Spatial Impact Assessment Procedure Tasks of the SIA Impacts on other existing projects or land uses Analysis of the environmental sensitivity of the area affected by the project Compatibility check whether project is conflicting with spatial objectives and targets of State Development Plans Co-ordination with other plans

Regional Level Planning Tools The Spatial Impact Assessment Procedure EXAMPLE: HIGHWAY PLANNING Technical Approach Multiple Three Tier Environmental Window Approach: Sensitivity analysis of the whole region by overlay of 10 themes (maps are existing) Corridor alignment identification Identification of best alternative

Regional Level Planning Tools The Spatial Impact Assessment Procedure EXAMPLE: HIGHWAY PLANNING Procedure Overall co-ordination: District Government Technical execution: Highway Authority Co-ordination with: Political level NGO’s Industry All planning authorities Approval: by District Government

Regional Level Planning Tools The Spatial Impact Assessment Procedure Advantages of the SIA Single window approach Early (at pre-feasibility stage) check of possible conflicts Early co-ordination with all concerned authorities and social groups Strong emphasis on environmental protection Effective tool of preventive environmental management

Sectoral Planning - Forest Forest Function Plan 1: 50 000 Forests with outstanding importance for soil protection and erosion control Forests with importance for avalanche protection Forests with importance for landscape and floodplain Recreational site Forests in urban areas have an outstanding importance for the function of climatic protection and balance Forests on roadsides have an importance for the protection of the road and for the protection (noise and other immissions) of the surroundings 1: 50 000

Sectoral Planning - Forest Forest Functions 1: 50 000 Water protection zones are “informationally notified” Groundwater capture area have an importance for the Forests with outstanding importance for the ecological balance of the landscape (with various signatures) Forests with high recreational function (2 categories)

Sectoral Planning - Forest Forest Protection Area Plan Forestsed Area of Bavaria (according to the Forest Act) Existing Banned Forests Planned Banned Forests

Sectoral Planning - Water Water Management Framework Plan Flood retention capacity of the floodplain Legend (reduced) Retention ability high Retention ability medium Retention ability low

Sectoral Planning Water Water Management Framework Plan Measures to maintain the wholesomeness of the river system Legend (reduced) Suggestions for Nature Conservation Area Promote extensive agricultural use Suggestion for Landscape Protection Area